Andropov Yuri became general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee 11/12/1982, shortly also centralized and executive power.He entered with disarming simplicity, she pushed aside Konstantin Chernenko and was appointed Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, leaning on the support of the army and the KGB.Such power was not a Leonid Brezhnev nor Khrushchev.
By the time he was a renowned expert in the system of power in the state.It was the age policies: policy credentials he received at the age of 69 years.For comparison, Stalin was 42 years old, Khrushchev - 59, Brezhnev - 57. As you can see, all of the previous leader of the USSR took power in their hands, being much younger.What does this mean?Perhaps the fact that this man was too long for his goal.So when the time came, he took power just like taking an apple.After all, the fact of its dominant influence on senior government and party structures are not disputed by anyone.Unlike previous leaders Andropov did not raise no, he did it himself.
real biography of his childhood and youth
hard to write about the life of a man who has two biographies - formal and real.In the life of Yuri mystically repeated the number 15: at the date of birth - June 15, 1915;invented in the date of birth - 06.15.1914 r .;15 years he directed the KGB, creating 15 departments there and finally - 15 months ruled the country.Obviously, all the general secretaries of the USSR have their secrets, but, according to historians, Yuri Andropov them more than others.Therefore we arm ourselves studies (S. Chertoprud, "Yuri Andropov: the secrets of the KGB chairman") and try to understand something of the life of the person (for the eyes, of course) KGB colleagues called the "Chairman" and "a jeweler."
Let's start with a real biography.The first secretary general of Jewish origin "unearthed" journalist Mark Steinberg.Biological father's name Velv Lieberman, and his mother's name was Genia Fleckenstein.Born on the future policies in the four Moscow mansion, and today vysyaschemsya under number 26 on the street.Bolshaya Lubyanka.Santa engaged in jewelry business, named Charles Fleckenstein Frantsevich.His house was born Gregory Velvovich Lieberman (later - Andropov Yuri).Mom until 1913 taught music in the elite gymnasium Mizbaha for women.Then, in 1917, mother and son suddenly find themselves in a new place - the station Nagutskaya Stavropol Territory.What is the reason for this?Jewish pogroms in the capital.In 1915, the massacre had started working factories Tsindel and Schrader, claimed the life of his grandfather.
And the mother (son of something else a little) on arrival at the new place of residence reverses his biography.There she married Vladimir Andropov, a railway worker.Her husband died two years later, ill with typhus.In the same year Eugene Andropov marries another railwayman - Victor Alexandrovich Fedorov.
At the end of the seven-year policy of the future name for name of his stepfather Grigory Vladimirovich Andropov-Fedorov.As the name Gregory turned to Yuri, and eliminated the second component names, remains a mystery.
Legend
18-year-old projectionist from Mozdok Andropov Yuri wrote his biography legend Stavropol proletarian for admission to Rybinsk River College.By the time his mother died (or maybe not, because in different documents Yuri leaves the conflicting dates: 1929, 1930, 1931.).He adapts the curriculum vitae of a "proletarian environment", leaving nothing of their "bourgeois roots."In his account, he was born on 06.15.1914, in the Stavropol region, his mother - a foundling, brought up in a family of a watchmaker (grandfather changed profession) Fleckenstein, and her father - Vladimir Andropov (Again the problem, my mother could not teach music at the same time in 1914-1916years in Moscow, and to bear and raise a son in the Stavropol region).
Study in college
After graduating from college in 1936, it remains in this work freed secretary of the Komsomol.The desire to sail sailor was missing.Note that secondary vocational education was actually only at the future of the party functionary.Episode training in Petrozavodsk State University can not be called serious study.Higher Party School, which ends being a party functionaries, all the general secretaries of the USSR, gave only a "crust".In addition, the school has traditionally ended in absentia and without examination.
Young people continue to build their career as a Komsomol leader.Soon after, in 1937, he was transferred to Rybinsk Shipyard Komsomol, then - Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the Young Communist League.
Party and Komsomol work
What is 1937 in the life of our country?It is growing rapidly, overtaking Britain and France for the production of iron, steel, electricity, was built 4,500 industrial enterprises.For five years, the volume of industrial production increased by 2.2 times.
But amid this wave of political purges carried out at all levels of Soviet society, from peasants to the party nomenklatura.Andropov Yuri excitedly took the "new business" spirit of the times and succeeded in it.According to the testimony of the writer Sergei Viktorovich Chertoprud working with archival documents, the young man soon "have found" that all members of the regional committee (except for the first secretary) - enemies.They planted.What do you think, why?However, the first secretary of the "get" even more abruptly - he was shot.
How to develop a career in the Komsomol Jury this time?By leaps and bounds:
- 05.1937 - Candidate CPSU (b);
- 09.1937, the - head.Department of pioneering and students Rybinsk city committee of the Komsomol;
- 10.1937 g - transferred to the Yaroslavl Regional Committee;
- 11.1937 city - actingIII-rd secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional;
- 12.1938, the - I-st secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee;note made the appointment of a person not having the party time (obviously assumed other services);
- 02.1939 city - accepted into the party.
first marriage
«burn down" in the Komsomol, Yuri Andropov marries college graduate Rybinsk Engalycheva Nina Ivanovna.She comes from a wealthy family servants, her father - the director of the State Bank.Young appears two children, in 1937, the daughter Valeria, and in 1939 - son Volodya.His wife is studying in Leningrad investigator and refuses to go with her husband to Karelia, where he was sent to the Komsomol work.Family breaks.
Karelian stage
young energetic worker in 1940 was sent to the educated in the same year the Lithuanian SSR to the position I secretary of the Komsomol.In the same 1940 he divorces and marries Engalycheva Lebedeva Tatyana Filippovna.The woman he loved.
Tatiana Filip later, staying with her husband, ambassador to Hungary during the revolt, received a heavy trauma - fear of crowds and open spaces, she was constantly in an apartment on Kutuzov Avenue.
Officially Yuri Andropov led the partisans of Karelia, for which in 1944 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.Did the fact that the truth is not known, because we are dealing with a talented hoaxer.
Therefore, we trust documents.Moreover, there is a clue: no medal "For the victory in the Great Patriotic War" or the medal "For the liberation of Karelia" premium sheets which were the direct commanders at the front, Yuri did not.
no secret that in Karelia with Andropov, I-st Secretary of the Karelian YCL, has not converged nature of the first secretary of the Karelian Regional Party Committee GN Kupriyanov.In his memoirs, he accuses Yuri Vladimirovich cowardice, "shkurnichestve."In his words, the Komsomol leader skilfully sent to the guerrillas and recruiting people, but personally terribly afraid of fighting (IA Minutko "Yuri Andropov ...").That such "heroism".
In addition, later still managed to bring under arrest and of Kupriyanov, and a number of underground workers, honestly worked behind enemy lines, vindictive "Komsomolets" Andropov.Biography of a man 10 years worked as a deputy from Leningrad Kupriyanov and accused his boss in a non-existent crime, marked another leap in the service.His usual flair, he felt conjuncture: Malenkov and Beria just cleaned managers can compete with them the struggle for power in the Leningrad region.
Should mention that Yuri was appointed arrested I-st secretary of the regional committee?Gennadiy Kupriyanov has served 10 years, and then went out and spoke to Khrushchev, and Brezhnev, Andropov, indicating the role in his life.It was restored to the rank of general, but Andropov was not touched.
Diplomatic work
death of Stalin and Beria, his patrons probably seemed to him the end of the world, and force majeure, did not expect such events Andropov.His biography was not flawless, over functionary threatened proceedings for his Karelian and Yaroslavl case.However, care still come - in the person of Otto Kuusinen, the chairman of the Communist Party of the Lithuanian SSR.He recommended that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Andropov - the diplomatic work in Hungary.
On arrival newfound goodwill ambassador found that the fall of 1956, the country began a powerful national liberation movement grew into an uprising.Willingly took on a key mission in the suppression of the movement diplomat Yuri Andropov.His biography was marked by new jesuitically.In particular, he was able to defraud the government of Imre Nagy, convinced him that the Soviet Union is interested in democratic Hungary.Thus wily negotiator distracted attention from the actual Soviet invasion and bring into power the government of Janos Cadore.And when Imre Nagy fled to the Yugoslav embassy by Soviet troops, Andropov "an acquaintance" promised to help him to leave the country, and then coolly passed for execution.Passed Hungarian military he held at the military base of the USSR, asking them to leave the territory and giving them the "word of honor" that they were not touched.Likewise, smiling, he betrayed the violence of one of the organizers of the uprising, the police chief Sandor Kopachi.
After completing the operation in Hungary Andropov remained another year in this country as the Soviet governor, leading the final sweep of the rebels.
Hungary still remembers the "bloody diplomat."
CPSU Central Committee
After Hungary, from March, 1957, at the behest of Khrushchev in the Communist Party joined the new head of the department - Andropov Yuri.Biography again tied him with supreme authority, giving an indulgence of previous cooperation with Beria.Four years later, in 1961 he became a member of the Central Committee.Energetic Party member adjacent to the prospective wing party Leonid Brezhnev and participates in the displacement of the General Secretary Khrushchev in 1964.In gratitude for the service of Leonid Ilyich appointed him head of the KGB.
Let us briefly delve into the nature of the new head of the KGB.Andropov liked to show their power.Here is an example: official memorandum to the Central Committee on December 25, 1970 Yuri reveals its concern about the increased flow of letters from abroad in connection with the New Year against Khrushchev, and proposes to limit the flow.Why did he do that?Answer: the former General Secretary of the CPSU Khrushchev when considering personnel decisions once proposed not Andropov, explaining the decision lack of recent experience of the organization of economic or administrative work.
KGB
15 years, during which Andropov headed the State Security Committee, are to talk about them.Build their arguments on the evidence of witnesses.Politburo member Vadim A. Medvedev recalled that at the meeting in favor of Andropov Leonid Ilyich let the audience in saying their point of view.CPSU General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in many areas relied entirely on his gray eminence, the chief of the KGB.
When leading this agency by Andropov significantly intensify the fight against "anti-Soviet elements."Functionary deftly argued that the bloated apparatus of the KGB is a trend of the times.15 departments of the Ministry in all possible ways to influence people and public opinion (they had to contribute to any institution).
Andropov was applied know-how - treatment in a psychiatric hospital.From honest, thoughtful, principled opponents of medical-butchers made "vegetable."And it was put on the conveyor.Hard pressure was subjected to progressive art: Lenk, Taganka Theater, magazines "New World", "Youth".Conducted at times absurd struggle with dissidents, gets manic form.According to Vladimir Fedorov, who held high-ranking KGB Andropov personally lead up plans republics how many dissidents to be arrested.
tight and hidden for the citizens and the state government built a chain of secret Andropov.KGB, for example, in 1976, conducted a preventive work with 68 thousand. Citizens.This refers to the moral pressure and intimidation by imprisonment.In prison the political prisoner sat 851, of which 261 - due to anti-Soviet agitation.
When Yuri Vladimirovich created the special unit to combat terrorism in the country, "Alpha" and abroad - "Vympel".Preparation vympelovtsev impressed for "working with people", these wagons were able to even use the knowledge of astrology.
What really served Andropov?
read all the previous biography of a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, it is naive to believe that Yuri suddenly stops in his career, will stop his elbows to push all in its path, the more that his efforts had nurtured such a powerful instrument of power, the KGB, unquestioningly obey himorders.He totally trusted and indulged Brezhnev.Andropov to use it.
Since 1979, he began to push his patron to the failure solutions.In particular, the idea of fraud with the introduction of troops in Afghanistan, it was planted KGB chief.At the December meeting of the Politburo it was raised to the skies clear of misinformation created an Islamic caliphate with its capital in Turkey.In addition, the head of the KGB saw the prospect of placing America in Afghanistan, medium-range missiles.That, of course, the United States could not even think.After all, the risk of the deployment of nuclear weapons in an unstable country was more than high.That's hysterical performance has led to putting our troops in Afghanistan, the 14,000th loss and 10-year-old senseless war.It would take the place of "beloved Leonid Ilyich" Andropov?Photo of his times' 80s, if you know the physiognomy, testify to this.His eyes - do not look subordinate.
conveyor deaths of members of the Politburo
begs a difficult question about prevailing in the 80s rather worrying trend of deaths of members of the Politburo.This question, of course, is a mystery.However, the abnormality of the phenomenon as a stream of deaths in the 80 years it was the members of the Politburo, certainly alarming.
Was it a secret policy Andropov?Conclusions will not do, but look at the facts.
26.04.1976 died of a member of the Central Committee, the Central Committee of the Minister of Defence Andrei Grechko.Seventy years old, he was a decent year for its sports form: loved jogging, tennis, led an active life, a lot of time to CSKA.Colonel General Varennikov openly expressed his lack of faith in the natural death not complaining about the health of strong old man at his home in an armchair with a book in his hands.Characteristically, AA Grechko, who died later as MA Suslov, represented the old guard of the Politburo, Andropov did not recognize ambitions.
17.07.1978 was suddenly killed sixty Fedor Davidovich Kulakov, a real contender for the post of general secretary of the CPSU.Mighty man died suddenly from "acute heart failure".And for a couple of hours before he was seen in good health.In his post-mortem diagnosis of Academician Chazov he was unconvincing.In addition, the late unusually quickly cremated.
Needless to say, with remarkable stability, "by chance" for some reason it died Policy - competitors or opponents Andropov.If the theory is correct, it is still alive Brezhnev 80 years - this is actually the reign of Andropov, however, the methods of the gray cardinal.
04.10.1980, the die is the main contender for his cap Brezhnev - Peter Masherov.He was killed in a car accident near the village of Smolevichi.Circumstances of death: Olympic road as a brand, great view, an experienced personal driver.Whether there was an encounter with the state farm dump truck at all, remains a mystery.
