Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian statesman and politician, founder of the Soviet state and the Communist Party.Under his leadership, the October Revolution took place.Date of birth of Lenin and Stalin's death - in 1870, April 22, 1924 and January 21, respectively.
political and public activities
In 1917, after his arrival in Petrograd, the leader of the proletariat led the October uprising.At the Second Congress of Soviets, he was elected Chairman of the CPC (Council of People's Commissars) and the Council of the peasant and working defense.Bolshevik leader was a member of the Central Executive Committee.Since 1918, Lenin lived in Moscow.At the conclusion of the Brest world leader of the proletariat played a key role.Since 1922, his political activities were suspended due to serious illness.Date of birth and death of Lenin's policy, thanks to his active work, went down in history.
Events 1918
In 1918, August 30, started a coup.Trotsky at that time in Moscow was absent - he was on the Eastern Front, in Kazan.Dzerzhinsky was forced to leave the capital in connection with the murder of Uritsky.In Moscow, there was a very tense situation.Colleagues and relatives insisted that Lenin did not go anywhere, did not attend any events.But the leader of the Bolsheviks refused to break the daily speeches of leaders of government areas.Planned was a performance in the Basmanny district on the Grain Exchange.According to the memoirs of the Secretary of the District Committee of the district Yampolsky, Lenin Guard was entrusted Shablovsky, which was then carried out to Vladimir Ilyich Zamoskvorechye.However, for two or three hours before the expected start of the meeting, it was reported that the leader is not invited to speak.But the leader of the Corn Exchange yet arrived.I keep him, as expected, Shablovsky.But Michelson factory guard was not there.
Who killed Lenin?
Kaplan (Fanny Efimovna) was a performer attempt on the life of the leader.Since the beginning of 1918 it has actively collaborated with the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries, who were then in the semi-legal status.To the place of performance of the leader of the proletariat Kaplan brought in advance.He shoots it from browning almost at point blank range.All three bullets fired from the weapon, caught in the Lenin.Witness the assassination was the driver of the leader - Gil.He did not see Kaplan in the dark, and when I heard the shots, as evidenced by some sources, his head and did not fire back.Later, removing suspicion from himself, Gil said during interrogation that after the speech of the leader of the courtyard of the plant came the crowd of workers.That is what prevented him to open fire.Lenin was wounded, but not killed.Subsequently, according to historical accounts, the performer attempt was shot and her body burned.
deterioration of health of the leader, moving to Gorki
In 1922, in March, Vladimir Ilyich began fairly frequent seizures, loss of consciousness.The following year, on the right side of the body has developed paralysis and loss of speech.However, despite this serious condition, doctors hoped to improve the situation.In May 1923, Lenin was taken to Gorki.Here, his health improved markedly.In October, he even asked him to move to Moscow.However, he remained in the capital for long.By winter, the state leader of the Bolsheviks was better so that he began to try to write with his left hand, and during the Christmas trees in December, the evening spent with children.
events of the last days before the death of the leader
As testified Commissar of Health Semashko, two days before the death of Vladimir Ilyich went hunting.This was confirmed and Krupskaya.She said that on the eve of Lenin was in the forest, but, apparently, tired badly.When Vladimir Ilyich was sitting on the balcony, he was very pale, and kept falling asleep in his chair.In recent months, he had not slept during the day.A few days before his death, Krupskaya had already felt the approach of something terrible.View from the leader was very tired and exhausted.He was very pale, and his eyes, remembers Nadezhda, was another.But despite the alarms on January 21 it had been scheduled trip to hunt.According to the doctors, all the while continued to progress sclerosis, cerebral blood vessels, resulting in "disconnected" one after the other parts of the brain.
last day
Professor Osipov, who treated Lenin describes this day, testifying about the general malaise of the leader.20 numbers he had a poor appetite, the mood was languid.On this day he did not want to deal with.At the end of the day Lenin put to bed.He was appointed as a bland diet.It is a state of lethargy was noted and the next day, the politician to stay in bed for about four hours.He visited in the morning, afternoon and evening hours.During the day there was an appetite, the leader gave the broth.By six o'clock there was an increase of malaise appeared cramps in the legs and arms, the politician lost consciousness.The doctor suggests that the right limb was very tense - it was impossible to bend the leg at the knee.Jerky movements were observed in the left side of the torso.The attack was accompanied by increased heart and breathing quickening.The number of respiratory movements approached 36, and the heart to contract at a rate of 120-130 beats per minute.At the same time there was a very ominous sign is in violation of the right rhythm of breathing.This type of brain respiration is very dangerous and almost always indicative of the approach of doom.After some time, the condition has stabilized somewhat.The amount of respiratory motion was reduced to 26 and the pulse - 90 beats per minute.Lenin's body temperature at this point was 42.3 degrees.Such increase resulted in a continuous convulsive state, which gradually began to wane.Doctors began to feed some hope for normalization of conditions and a favorable outcome of a seizure.However, the 18.50-to-face Lenin sharply rush of blood, it was red, it was purple.Then the chief took a deep breath, and in the next moment - died.When it was applied artificial respiration.Return to the life of Vladimir Ilyich doctors tried for 25 minutes, but the manipulation failed.He died of heart failure and breathing.
mystery of the death of Lenin
An official medical report, it was stated that the leader progressed widespread atherosclerosis brain.At one point, as a result of circulatory disorders and hemorrhages in the soft shell Lenin died.However, some historians believe that the murder of Lenin, namely he was poisoned.State leader deteriorated gradually.As the historian Lurie, Lenin in 1921, suffered a stroke, leaving the right side of the body was paralyzed.However, by 1924 he was able to recover so that he was able to go on the hunt.Neurologist Winters, poring over medical history, even testified that a few hours before the death of the leader has been very active and even talking.Shortly before the fatal end happened several seizures.But, according to the neurologist, it was only a manifestation of stroke - these symptoms are typical of this pathological condition.However, this was not only and not so much a disease.So why Lenin died?According to the toxicological examination, which was conducted during the autopsy, the body of the leader had traces of toxic substances.On this basis, experts have concluded that the cause of death has become a poison.
Version researchers
If the leader was poisoned, then who killed Lenin?Some time later, they began advancing different versions.The main "suspects" was Stalin.According to historians, it was he more than anyone else would benefit from the demise of the leader.Joseph Stalin sought to become the leader of the country, and only removing Lenin, could achieve this.According to another version of who killed Lenin, suspicion falls on Trotsky.However, this conclusion is at least plausible.Many historians are of the opinion that ordered the killing was still Stalin.Despite the fact that Lenin and Stalin have been colleagues, the first was against the appointment of the second leader of the country.In this connection, realizing the danger, Lenin, on the eve of his death he tried to build a tactical alliance with Trotsky.Death Guaranteed leader Joseph Stalin absolute power.In the year of the death of Lenin was a lot of political events.After his death began the reshuffle in the governing apparatus.Many activists have been eliminated by Stalin.In their place came new people.
some scientists
Lenin died while in middle age (how many years Lenin died, it is easy to count).Scientists say that the walls of cerebral blood vessels of the leader for his 53 years were less durable than is necessary.However, the causes remain unclear destruction in the tissues of the brain.Objective precipitating factors for this was not Vladimir Ilyich was young enough for it not to be at risk for this type of pathology.In addition, the politician did not smoke and he did not allow smokers to him.It not had neither overweight nor diabetes.Vladimir Ilyich did not suffer from hypertension or other cardiac pathologies.After the death of the leader, there were rumors that his body was struck by syphilis, but the evidence for this was found.Some experts talk about heredity.As is known, the date of the death of Lenin - January 21, 1924 th.He lived for a year less than his father, who died at the age of 54 years.Vladimir Ilyich might have a predisposition to vascular pathology.In addition, the party leader in a state of stress is almost constant.It is often pursued fears for his life.The excitement was more than enough in his youth and into adulthood.
Events after the death of the leader
exact information about who killed Lenin, no.However, Trotsky, in one of the articles claimed to have poisoned the leader Stalin.In particular, he wrote that in February 1923, during a meeting of the Politburo, Stalin said that Vladimir Ilyich urgently requires it to yourself.Lenin asked for poison.Leader began to lose the ability to speak again, he considered his situation hopeless.He did not believe the doctors suffered, but retained the clarity of thought.Stalin, Trotsky says that Lenin suffer tired and wants to carry a poison that, when it becomes absolutely unbearable, to end it all.However, Trotsky was totally against (in any case, he said at the time).This episode has the proof - the secretary of Lenin talked about this case, the writer Beck.Trotsky argued that in his own words, Stalin tried to provide an alibi, having decided to actually poison the leader.
few facts to refute that the leader of the proletariat was poisoned
Some historians believe that the most reliable information in the official conclusion of physicians is the date of the death of Lenin.An autopsy was carried out in compliance with the necessary formalities.This took care of General Secretary - Stalin.During the autopsy, the doctors were not looking for the poison.But if I found insightful experts, it is likely they would push the suicide theory.It is assumed that the poison Stalin still not received leader.Otherwise, after the death of Lenin's successor would destroy all witnesses and people who were close to Ilyich that there was not a trace.In addition, at the time of his death the leader of the proletariat was almost helpless.Doctors do not forecast significant improvements, so the probability of recovery of health was low.
was no evidence of poisoning
should, however, say that the version according to which Lenin died from the poison, it has many supporters.There are even a number of facts bear this out.For example, the writer Soloviev devoted many pages to the subject.In particular, in the book "Operation Mausoleum" Trotsky's arguments the author confirms a number of arguments:
- autopsy started with a delay of 16 hours and 20 minutes.
- Under the conclusion there is no signature of one of the doctors - personal doctor of Trotsky and the leader himself - Guetera.The expert referred to the bad faith of the autopsy.
- Among experts there was no pathologists.
- not been carried out chemical analysis of the stomach contents.
- vital organs, including the heart, lungs were in good condition.This gastric wall were destroyed.
There is also evidence of the doctor Gabriel Volkov.I should say that this doctor was arrested shortly after the death of the leader.While in prison, Volkov said Elizabeth Lesotho - his cellmate - about what happened the morning of 21 of January.The doctor brought Lenin at 11 o'clock lunch.Vladimir Ilyich was in bed, and saw Volkov tried to sit up and held out her arms to him.However, the forces left politics, and he fell back on the pillows.At the same time out of the hand dropped a note.Wolves managed to hide it before the doctor came in and made soothing Yelistratov injection.Lenin died down, closed his eyes, as it turned out forever.And only in the evening, when Lenin had died, Volkov was able to read the note.In it the leader wrote that he was poisoned.Solovyov said that the policy was poisoned mushroom soup, which was attended by a poisonous mushroom Dried cortinarius ciosissimus, cause rapid death of Lenin.The struggle for power after the death of the leader was not violent.Stalin got the absolute power and became the leader of the country, removing all objectionable to him.Year of birth and death of Lenin for the Soviet people became memorable for a long time.
