Moses Samoilovich Kagan - known Petersburg scientist, philosopher, culture.The methodological basis of his works became Marxism and in particular - a systematic analysis.Ideas and research of Moses Samoilovich formulated in his numerous books and articles, one of which - "Man as a problem of modern philosophy", which consists of five parts.
In this article, the author raises the central philosophical problem of "man and the world", which was relevant at all times.Most people think about their place in the world, because of their activities should be the perceived purpose and direction.Very often, a person starts to perceive life as a routine, then the question arises, "What is it that I have in this world?What is my nature, essence, purpose?What determines the meaning and value of human life?What are the fundamental problems of human existence?These and other similar questions, determining the content of philosophical-anthropological thought, are today the focus of many researchers. [1]
In his work Moses Samoilovich trying to understand these issues, drew attention to what kind of multi-faceted and complex creature- human.Kagan refers to the works of many philosophers and psychologists, such as Marx, Engels, Feyrbah, Scheler, Freud, Ananiev et al. The author writes that the problems in the history of viewed differently.He identifies three types of philosophy, the first of which - theocentric.Its essence is the perception of man as a deity.This type of philosophy is maintained throughout the history of culture.
next type - naturotsentrichesky.Moses Samoilovich reports that he was born in Greece, and then revived in the European philosophy of modern times.For this type of historical philosophy is characterized by the recognition of the primacy of nature.According to the anthropocentric type of man is the most complex type of being, a synthesis of his relationship with nature, society and deity.
This typology allows us to clearly understand how philosophy has evolved, gradually traced the relationship with the environment, social and cultural spheres.It should be noted that the author, referring to the story, does not look to the future and does not expect what will be the next type of philosophy.Even the Greeks understood that a person can begin to philosophize with only the knowledge of himself.The key to being human is hidden in man.Given the increased interest of the individual to self-knowledge, we can not ignore the speculation about the future of the type of philosophy.
In the next part of the article, MSKagan draws attention to the person, as unique in its complexity form of being, it compares it with other natural beings and social institutions, pointing to their close relationship.Very often the person claims to be the "king of nature", the demiurge, the "super-human".But to overcome individual dependence on external forces (nature, society, culture) must be clearly realized their potential and objective limits.For this purpose, according to MSKagan, it is necessary to identify the historical volatility essentially forms of human existence.Indeed, throughout its existence, man strives to break free, get rid of dependence on external forces, the so-called slavery.But is it worth doing?History shows us the close relationship between man, nature, culture, science, religion, all this - the links of one chain.And to keep the peace in the world, in my opinion, one should not elevate themselves above the external forces and samoprovozglashatsya super-being.
third part of the work draws attention to the changes in the relationship of man and the world.If at the very beginning of human history can clearly be seen from outside the individual's relationship to his forces, in the current situation we see before our eyes protivopolozhnoe.Na rapidly growing dependence of the environment from human activity.This is due to the fact that humanity has reached such a level of consciousness and self-awareness that allows him to consciously regulate their relations with the social institutions and the natural elements, consciously direct their activities in the field of science and technology, technology and communications, education and training, soberly given byproduced their scientific knowledge, the real limits of their capabilities due to the nature of the objective laws of life, society and culture. "With the advent of the third millennium, many people have become more and more to surprise the world with their skills, inventions, the influence of external forces.This once again highlights the uniqueness of the human being.
In the fourth part of Moses Samoilovich reported the appearance of the danger of self-destruction of mankind.In this regard, each individual becomes aware of his place in the world.Man realizes that he is not only a biological genus, part of the society, but also the bearer of cultural and religious values.But many of the terrible events that took place in prehistoric times and the Middle Ages, and now, make us think about the absence of values among the people.And now, in my view, a person has a huge responsibility to the entire history of a sort.People need to maintain a moral and spiritual quality, value and benefit to spend every minute of your life.
And in the final part of the MSKagan reveals the problem of the relationship of philosophy and culture.Throughout the history of philosophy drawn to the art (poetry, music, cinema, etc..) To address certain problems of poetry, music, cinema and others. The author considers the main thing is that now this desire to become aware of the need of reference of the understanding of manthat gives the philosopher experiences and achievements of science, with the specific knowledge that produces an artistic recreation of man.And it is very important to identify the essence of understanding the modern man.
The author addresses the problem of man and nature and offers three ways of development of these relations: the man-king of nature, nature worship and dialogue with nature.In my opinion, the third option would provide the best development of mutual relations, this view is shared by the author.The person should be treated in a friendly to nature, with love and respect, and it will ensure its self-development.
summarize Moses Samoilovich concludes that man evolved and continues to evolve spiritually, it is a perpetual process that bears the name of self-development.And it is on this basis philosophy is able to continue its consideration of its "generic" issues - the relationship of man and the world.
man very complex system, which is constantly evolving.Thinking about the person captures a wide range of issues.This spectrum is practically inexhaustible.As a result, almost all the philosophical reflections involved in the field of study of the main philosophical problem - the person and the world.Based on the research of this article mainly to modern society is the understanding of their own destiny.Man must realize what a great responsibility lies in front of him - the maintenance and preservation of human values and culture that throughout history passed down from generation to generation.
[1] Gurevich PS Man as an object of socio-philosophical analysis .// The problem of man in Western philosophy.M .: Progress, 1988, c.504
