economic policies in a particular country, it is very important to ensure the achievement of the objectives of the society and the authorities.To realize its full help methods of state regulation, as well as special tools, often referred to as the means.
Tools regulation of the economy can be divided into the following groups:
1. Monetary policy:
- the policy of refinancing (the discount rate of interest);
- the policy of minimum reserves (of the required minimum reserves);
- open market policy.
2. Fiscal policy:
- public expenditure policy;
- the policy of public revenues.
subjects of regulation of the economy perform all those who implement economic policies - it may be the State, regional and local institutional education and non-unions and associations.
Many schools have different definitions of what is included in the concept of the object and the methods of state.regulation exist.I would like to elaborate on a rather popular belief system ordoliberalov, which is most common in the academic literature.
The objects they attributed the conditions of reproduction, regions, sectors, territories, the situation, the foreign policy environment and the economic interests of the subjects.
Methods of state regulation divided, firstly, the general and private.The first group consists of the following:
- a method of abstraction;
- analysis and synthesis;
- systemic approach.
second group is represented by methods such as extrapolation, economic groups, as well as the budget (balance).
addition to this classification, there are several others in which the methods of regulating the economy fall under the direct or indirect influence.Direct assumes that all the subjects on the path of economic decision-making clearly delineated by the state, and their behavior must conform to certain settings.
These include the control of the financial operations of enterprises, establishment of prices and tariffs, the definition of production targets.
indirect methods of state regulation less stringent, they tend to, to direct actors in the right direction.The point is not forced to do so, and not otherwise, and to create conditions under which voluntary decision would be beneficial to society and consistent with the objectives of economic policy, ie,It is the impact of the economic interest.
Indirect methods include such state.Regulation:
- avert bankruptcy (law).
- Opportunistic (anti-crisis, anti-inflationary policy).
- fiscal policy.
- monetary policy.
also represented advisory management practices under which the state puts its main task facilitating the functioning of the economy;institutional, related to the formation of institutions (the market), as well as horizontal and vertical control.
Of course, the use of different methods depends on the country's political regime, as well as many economic factors.In developed countries, rarely resorted to direct, administrative methods of influence.However, in emergency situations, such as during war or serious crises such methods of state regulation are not left without attention.
worth making a remark that even advanced countries in many cases do not neglect public intervention, combining indirect and direct methods, under certain conditions, lead to a positive effect.
We can not say that some ways are bad, and some - good.Depending on the political, economic and social situation in the country the government prefers a particular influence, sometimes using the combined effect.
