International Humanitarian Law (IHL) - is an independent branch of public law, which consists of a set of principles and norms of the MP, defined by a single for the world rights and freedoms;obligations of the state in relation to consolidation, security and protection of these rights and freedoms, and legal representation to individuals the possibility of realization and protection of the rights and freedoms recognized by them.
basic and main task of IHP recognized the development of agreements, standards that clearly establish a set of rights and obligations of parties to an armed conflict, as well as limiting the methods and means of conducting hostilities.
Some lawyers of international humanitarian law are divided into two categories: "the right of the Hague", which regulates the methods and means of warfare, and "Geneva Law", which contains provisions for the protection of war victims.Under the concept of "victim of armed conflict" covered Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field;the wounded, the sick and those who were shipwrecked and are part of the Armed Forces at Sea;prisoners of war;civilians.
1864 went down in history as the year when the Swiss government organized a conference to develop an instrument of aid to the victims of hostilities.Total meeting resulted in the signing of the first Convention on the Protection of the wounded and sick during the war.It was the first source of IHL.
sources of international humanitarian law today in a wide numbers, and all of them are aimed at regulating the relations of the states during the hostilities.There are three varieties per se.The first - the rules which apply only in peacetime.The second - the rules in force only during the period of hostilities.The third type - mixed rules in force, and in times of peace and in times of armed conflict.
norms of international humanitarian law in different historical periods contained various provisions.Manu sets limits of violence, to which the prohibition of murder unarmed prisoners, the use of poisoned weapons.In ancient Greece norms prescribe that the start of military operations must take place with the announcement of them.In the case of capture of the city could not kill those who took refuge in churches, prisoners of war were exchanged and redeemed.
During the Hague Peace Conference v1899 year, FF Martensit was proposed to apply a provision that would protect the civilian population and combatants in situations where the actions of States are not regulated by IHL.This provision states that the civilian population and military personnel subject to the rules of the MP for the reason that they are the result of customs established by civilized peoples, the laws of humanity, as well as requests from the public consciousness.This rate went down in history as the "Martens clause".
International humanitarian law, like other branches of law, establishes its principles, foremost of which is the humanization of armed conflicts.By the way include the following: the protection of cultural property;protect and respect the interests of adhering to neutrality;restriction of the parties to the hostilities in the means and methods for managing them.
designation position of the military conflict between states involves offensive legal consequences, such as termination of consular and diplomatic relations;the use of a special regime for the nationals of an enemy State;termination of the agreements, which were observed in peacetime.International humanitarian law starts to operate during this period.
