When I myself was looking for materials with respect to this issue, was able to find only scattered advice on individual topics.
Most of them were of overcoming fear, etc., which is quite far from coming off problem and essentially little applicable in practice.
Here are links to the most successful of them:
- 10 tips from Donald Trump on how to speak in front of an audience
- Recommendations to improve diction: http://technics-speech.ru/sovet.html
- Tips structure performancesand preparing a speech
Nevertheless, some fundamental and comprehensive guide I could not find (at least in Russian).
So I decided to present a generalization of my small but very successful experience of public speaking.
speech on a sheet of paper on the card that better
Let's start out of order, but the most important thing.
Surely, you have seen performances of politicians, who read out his speech with the paper (often with a large A4 size).Many Russian politicians are doing exactly an example - Vladimir Putin.How interesting is the performance?How much information from it delayed in your memory.
For most people, such a statement is very boring and almost nothing of what has been said it is not remembered.
improved version of this approach: to replace one large sheet of a set of small cards out of construction paper.Many American politicians took it into service, an example - Barack Abama.There are a number of advantages:
- easy to handle
- cards are rather small (fits in the palm), so that listeners can even fail to notice that he has resorted to their help, at least it will not be so rush toeye, as is the case with the reading of the speech with a large paper
- on each card only information on any particular part of speech and nothing more - it is easier to focus
Not a bad improvement.But this is not what we need.
The main purpose of any speech - is to convey an idea.To do this, give the audience the maximum amount of useful information for the minimum time allotted to you in the most readable form.
You must know exactly what to say, every sentence, every phrase, every intonation.It should be honed as a knife blade.When a person says, without the help of the tips (on paper, cards, etc.), there is no doubt as to his competence, as well as that expressed the thoughts coming from him, besides contact with the audience for a moment is not interrupted.Your head should be not only the main idea, or some thoughts in your head (not on paper) should be all action from start to finish with all the smallest details.
why your performance you need to remember by heart, like a poem.And the poem you have to tell him emphatically, and with the right tone at the right time.
Writing Speeches
Always remember that your speech should not be difficult, it should be absolutely clear to the uninitiated listener as such would be an overwhelming majority.Even if you make a report within a narrow circle of specialists, we should not assume (unless you do not know this for sure) that the students are well acquainted with the subject of your speech.Your speech should be exactly as difficult as if you told her in line for milk.Initially
should write at least half more than required then to leave only the best ideas and the most memorable phrases and metaphors.
- As a general recommendation on the structure (plan) of your speech can offer the following:
- Introduction (4 minutes): Tell us about the benefits that provides students with the subject of your speech.
- main components (10 - 11 minutes): Tell us about what is happening and how (it works).
- In conclusion (3 - 4 minutes), you can talk about the achievements and (rainbow) prospects.
duration
Your speech should last 14 - 18 minutes.
more - you will lose your audience's attention.What interesting things to tell you no, people will not be able to remember them and to continue to listen to you and carefully as before.In addition, at this time can accumulate questions and answers will excite the audience more than the receipt of new information.
If your question is less than the specified range, it may be considered too short.
Need to rehearse
Imagine a movie where the actors interrupt the phrase in the most inappropriate places to remember what to say next, from time to time look at the pieces of paper with written text, say, not looking at the camera, and without the proper intonation.What impression did you leave this film?How long will you watch it?
Inherently speeches can be compared with the performance of the actors on the stage.
However, many speakers is much more like a game of actors in the example above.
So why do so many times the actors repeat the same scene, and athletes endlessly work out the combination?Firstly, the fact that you repeat a dozen times, you have to be postponed in memory at the level of reflexes.And repeat it once again will require from you a minimum of effort.Second, you can see yourself from the (good of modern technical means can easily record audio and video), to analyze and identify weaknesses and then work them out.But most importantly, your performance has now cease to be a challenge, or exploit, you will come back and, just, once again do what we did a hundred times.Bored and simple.
important to remember that in reality everything will worse than the best of your rehearsals.
For various reasons, the other situation, you riveted to the attention of the people and so that something will be forgotten, something you do not say so eloquently, as we would like.
But in general, your speech will be about the same as your average Quality rehearsal.
Diction
Your voice must be loud, steady, calm.Here - the better louder than quiet.
you must clearly articulate every word, including termination.In general, your speech should not be quick.There is better - slower than necessary, rather than faster.
But it is important not to pause between sentences, in general, only between paragraphs.So you clearly share ideas and pass each of them entirely, without interrupting.
If you have problems with the pronunciation of individual words (you shipilyavite, Kortava or stutter) that grates on the ear, it is, nevertheless, not fatal.When preparing a speech, try to replace (where possible) for the unpronounceable words on you lighter.
timing
If you have the opportunity to influence the start of your speech, it would be foolish not to draw this fact to their advantage.
best time to speak - this morning from 9 till 10 o'clock and the hour immediately after the lunch break.At this time, people are full of energy and in good mood.They are ready to swallow everything you offer them.
worst time for performance - it just before the lunch break, or early in the morning from 7 to 8 hours.All the thoughts of the people of his hunger and the upcoming dinner, or they have not yet woken up.And what ever you told, even if you do a handstand for effect, it is what they ate for breakfast, or eat dinner, leave them much more experience.
In this case, you can use the following technique ...
before the speech say something like: "I'll try to be brief (oops), so that we all could enjoy dinner as quickly as possible."This way you call the favor of the public, such as: "We are with him (her) on the same wavelength."In addition, consider the following 3.5 minutes (hardly more) provided to you.After graduation, you can say, "Thank you again for your attention, and now, finally, we can eat."It is unlikely that someone will remember what you were told, but you leave a good impression, which is not bad, considering the difficult situation in which you have acted.
particularly noteworthy performance at the end of the day.It's a risk, but the risk is justified, because you have a chance to hit the jackpot.Thoughts of people at this time are approximately: "Well, everything is left to listen to him, and everything - freedom!".Iemany of them will be in high spirits.In addition, people are so arranged that the best memory postponed what was said last.So, you can expect that what you say will remain in their minds and not be slaughtered by something else.
but also the probability of failure is high.This option may be advisable, for example, when you are (very) well-prepared his speech and know exactly what's waiting for him and they want to hear.
Speech
During the speech should be about in one place.It is not necessary to go from side to side.But not to feel stiffness OCCASIONALLY is little change positions without attracting attention:
- turn his head or body
- produce swinging from toe to heel
- to transfer weight from one foot to the other
All your movements should be calm andsmooth, no fuss.Hand position is not important, but it is best if they are hanging freely down.
When you speak, your eyes should not be directed into the void.Maintain eye contact with the audience, because it is for her you stand, this is your indicator of success, this is your goal.From time to time, look around at the audience, watch the reaction of the audience.If someone does not listen to you, stop look at this man.Most likely, he soon noticed.Not many have the nerve in such a situation to continue to ignore the open, and people will start to listen to you.
IMPORTANT !!!
immediately after your speech thanking the audience for their attention.This way you show respect, calling the favor that is likely to manifest itself in applause (no matter how much was actually good your speech).And then (again very politely) ask ask you questions, for example: "If you have any questions, I'll be happy to (a) to answer them."
loss Audiences
What if the audience's attention is lost?To determine that you are not listening - is simple: about half of the students
- you do not look
- talk to each other
- engaged in some kind of their own affairs
reasons for this may be many, and does not necessarily your fault.
regain the attention of the audience is extremely difficult, almost impossible.And in trying to do this you risk causing an even bigger protest and anger.The most reliable solution is to quickly finish your speech.Thus, you will cease to bother the public a topic that it (a) is not interesting.
But even this seemingly fatal reversal does not mean the failure of the performance.
Verdict
verdict about your speech more often you learn immediately.
If, after your speech, you asked questions (no matter what: clarifying or correcting), Bravo!You listened.If the questions most of qualifying, the task is executed or only the minimum but also the maximum task: You are interested in the audience, at least, its individual representatives.People want to know more about what you are told.
If no questions, then there are 2 options:
- Your speech was clear, but not interested audience (it, though, success).
- Your speech for some reason was not clear.
In the first case it is very likely that someone from colleagues will thank you and celebrate your performance.If it does not, then, alas, with a high probability your speech can be considered a failure.
prepare questions
your performance is best represented in the form of dialogue.And therefore your speech - it is only a primer, an invitation to dialogue.If you like the theme of the audience, and you have shown their competence, the listener will want to know you have something else.
This step is comparable to the last two rounds in professional boxing, successful performance which outweigh nondescript performance in the previous eight.That's how you answer the questions directly to interested listeners impression of your speech.Therefore, you must know and understand the subject of his speech very well.Your knowledge should be much wider than those covered in your report.If not, perhaps you are not competent enough, and you should not act.
list of possible questions is to prepare in advance.And prepare answers to them.But you are asked questions and are not included in this list are in the course of entering your knowledge.In addition, you can ask questions, the answers to which you do not know.If you had studied the topic, this is only possible if a question is beyond the scope of your report.This was and is to say, well, if you can specify the source of information, where the person (probably) will be able to find the answer.
Appearance
Oh, and lastly ... What to Wear?
The most important thing is that you feel comfortable and familiar as the primary criterion for evaluation - is what you say and how you say it.Nothing should distract you from that, everything else is secondary.It is better to throw all possible forces to the main task, as you earn maximum points.IeIf you normally wear jeans and a T-shirt, it is also the best performing in jeans and a T-shirt.
Well, if for some reason you need to stick to a particular style of dress, not familiar to you?For example, you usually wear jeans and a T-shirt, but speech should be in a suit and tie.I can advise the following ...
Shortly before the speech spend one day wearing shoes, jeans and a shirt with the sleeves rolled up (instead of t-shirts).The next day, replace jeans trousers.Then, add a jacket here.On the day of performance will only add to this set tie.
I think the message is clear.By the time the clothes will be speaking to you usual.You're not going to think, "How do I look in this dress?"And this idea will no longer distract you from the main, your speech.
tips given above will help you make a very good performance (close to ideal).How good depends on how much time you will give to his training and otshlifovki as good performance (like all good things) requires time and effort.
