Pedagogy - the science alive and constantly evolving, and at the same time, the fundamental.During its existence, it has been turned out of her varied research methodology by which the process of education and upbringing of society meet the urgent needs at each particular stage of its development.Moreover, the laws of the world, as objective reality and realize often studied with the help of teaching methodologies.
General characteristic of methods
methods of scientific and pedagogical research - are special ways, methods and means of scientific study of the world taken together, and make it possible to solve the problem faced by the researcher.One of the main selection criteria - relevance, ie compliance subject matter and setting, standing in front of scientists.Only then can the methods of scientific and pedagogical studies provide objective, real results and can bring the added value.According to the degree of interaction with the studied material allocated techniques empirical and theoretical.The first relates to the practical activities, experiments, t. E. A "living" with the work of the studied objects or phenomena.Second - with theoretical calculations, speculative conclusions, modeling.And those and other methods of scientific and pedagogical studies have both strengths and weaknesses and are good in their respective situations.
Detailed description
Among the universal methods of knowledge in the first place are the experiments and observations.They are most broadly used in various fields of scientific disciplines, not just teachers.To narrow professional the same social, sphere include conversation, questioning, testing, interviewing, observation, and so on.. In turn, all of the methods of scientific and pedagogical research are their tools of obtaining and processing information, on the basis of which made certain conclusions and,in fact, it is the development and enrichment of knowledge.Let us discuss some more.
- Observation - put certain tasks;selected objects are observed, the indicators are fixed;data processed.Difficulty: for obtaining the information necessary for a long time and consistency, which is not always possible: there is no absolute objectivity is an element of the human factor.Because the methodology of pedagogical research is not normally used by itself and in combination with others.
- Questionnaires (conversations, interviews, profiles, etc..) Are used to obtain the necessary information for its own sake, or an additional source of knowledge on the topic of interest.Usually, pre-planned plan, direction and nature of information that must be obtained.More often than not made in writing, or the anonymous public.
- products directly to educational activity of schoolboys (control and other work, tests, exams, drawings, writings, worksheets, etc.). They help to reveal the attitude of the child to his apprenticeship duties, the degree of assimilation of the program, and so on.. These methods of teaching science is extremelyimportant, t. To. give a real result status of the educational process and allow time to correct his flaws and failures.
- Speaking of empirical knowledge, not to mention the study of the school of business documents (class magazines, personal files of students, diaries and so on. D.), Pedagogical experiment (eg, differentiated instruction), self-esteem and school popularity rating.
«Armchair" methods of educational research - theoretical, mathematical, statistical.They are in their own complicated and interesting, and together help to create an objective picture of the educational process, its pros and cons, to outline prospects for further development.
