noun - is a special part of the speech, which refers to the object, and expresses this value in such inflectional categories as the number of deaths, as well as through family, is a permanent category.
This article discusses the level of nouns by value.We will describe each one and give examples.
noun refers to objects in the broadest sense of the word: the names of things ( sled, scissors, window, wall, table ), persons ( man, woman, boy, girl, child ), substances ( cream, sugar, flour), living organisms and creatures ( microbe pike, woodpecker, cat ), phenomena, events, facts ( performance, fire, holiday, conversation, fear, sadness ), as well as procedural and non-procedural signs named as independentindependent substances - properties, quality, condition, action ( crush solution, running, blue, stupid, kindness ).
main lexical and grammatical category of nouns
the following basic level, which are divided into nouns: 1) common nouns and their own;2) material;3) collective;4) the abstract and concrete;5) inanimate and animate.These discharges nouns meaningfully intersect.Proper names, for example, may include names as inanimate and animate objects.Real nouns, which denote the mass of a substance, may have collectively (
nominal and it's own nouns
division is happening on the ground here as a representative of the object class or as an individual.Own both lexical and grammatical category of nouns (in other words - "personal names") - words that call the individual items that belong to the class of homogeneous, but are not in themselves an indication to this affiliation.
Nick-- the names of the calling object by its inclusion in a certain class.This lexical and grammatical category of nouns is the name of, respectively, as the carrier of this class of objects peculiar features.
are mobile and unstable boundary between common nouns and proper names: common nouns are often own (nicknames and nicknames).Property is often used to refer to similar items as a whole, and thus become a household: Don Quixotes Derzhimorda, philanderer.
Proper names in the narrow sense
include proper names stand out such discharges nouns in importance as their own in the narrow sense, and names.The first are astronomical and geographical names and names of animals and humans.This is - slowly replenished lexically limited range, consisting of the names that are assigned to one subject.There may be a repetition, coincidence (the names of settlements, villages, rivers), they are also relatively high frequency of proper names of various persons and animals.
names
to use different types of nick-names or combinations of words.Common nouns with the lexical meaning is not lost, but only changes the function.For example: newspaper "Izvestia", the plant "Hammer and Sickle" spirits "Lilac" .Can serve as names and proper names: steamer "Ukraine" hotel "Moscow".
collective noun collective noun
constitute a separate category of (lexical and grammatical) among common names.These include words that referred to some set of homogeneous objects and express this value through a variety of suffixes: -stv (a) ( young people, students );-iya ( aristocracy, a pioneer );-from (a) ( poor ) and others.By collective nouns in the broadest sense can also be assigned names that indicate the set of objects: furniture, trash, small fry, greens .Express collectiveness lexical words, not word-building.The hallmark of these nouns - that they have no plural.
Real nouns
They call various materials: Materials ( cement, gypsum ), food products ( sugar, flour, cereals, fat ), types of fabrics ( cotton, velvet ), metals, minerals (Jasper, emerald, steel, tin, copper, iron ), drugs, chemicals ( aspirin, aspirin, uranium ), crop ( wheat, potatoes, oats ), as well as other divisible homogeneous mass.
Real nouns, as opposed to collective, have, as a rule, the suffix to indicate the real value.It is expressed only lexically.
are consumed usually real or only nouns in the singular or plural: cream, spirits, yeast;tin, flour, tea, honey .The real noun, which is typically used in the singular, taking the form plural, segregated from the corresponding lexical form: cereal (crushed or whole grain plants), but cereals (varieties of cereals).
The abstract (abstract) and specific nouns
Among the names stand out such discharges nouns meaningfully as abstract and concrete.Concrete - words that are called facts, persons, things, phenomena of reality, which may be subject to bank and presented separately: war, fight, engineer, ring pencil.
This lexical and grammatical category of nouns, in other words, represents individual items and their plurals.
Except for the name, no singular (pluralia tantum), all concrete nouns have singular and plural forms.The morphological characteristics of the concrete nouns are not only opposed to abstract.They also confront the real and the collective level of nouns, pluralia tantum;and their values are also different.
Abstract (abstract) - words that refer to abstract concepts, qualities, properties, status and operation: movement, running, agility, intimacy, kindness, captured, good, laugh, thank .Most of them are motivated nouns verbs and adjectives formed with a zero suffix ( replacement, removal, illness, bitterness ) suffix -skeleton ( cowardice Beautiful s), -stvo (a) ( majority insignificance, boasting championship ), -chin (a) / - communities (a) ( piecework ), ism ( humanism, realism ), -from (a) ( hoarseness, kindness, acid ) and other.A smaller part consists of various unmotivated words: essence, sadness, comfort, grief, passion, sadness, flour, fear, nature, mind, matter.
usually no plurals have abstract nouns.
animate and inanimate nouns
Nouns are divided into two categories: animate and inanimate.Animate - the names of animals and people: insect pike, starling, a cat, a student, a teacher, the son of man.
Inanimate - the names of all the other phenomena and objects: book, table, wall, window, nature, college, steppe, forest, kindness, depth, drive, movement, incident .
These words have a different role and importance.Bits of the value of nouns have their specific features.Animate often word-formation and morphologically different from the inanimate.This is the name of various persons and female animals, which are often motivated by words called an animal or a person without a floor or a male: student-student, teacher-teacher, student-school student, grandson, granddaughter, muscovite-Muscovite,lion lioness cat cat and others.
Typically, animate nouns have morphological meaning feminine or masculine, and only a few - the average, and the determined semantically belong to a particular genus noun (except the middle thatcalled regardless of the sex creatures: the name of the non-adult person (child ), or the name of the type creature, face, insect, mammal, animal ).Inanimate nouns are divided into three morphological leave - the average, female and male.
Paradigms inanimate nouns and animate
inanimate and animate Paradigm series differ in the plural: there are animate accusative form coinciding with the genitive.Example: no animals, no brothers and sisters (RP), saw animals I saw brothers and sisters (V. p).Inanimate nouns have a plural form of the accusative, which coincides with the nominative.Example: are on the table apples, pears and peaches (ip); bought apples, pears and peaches (VP).
We reviewed the noun as a part of speech, nouns level.Hopefully this article will be useful to you.If the information is not enough, be sure to read the works that are written on this topic Kochanov ONBits nouns meaningfully covered in its articles in some detail.
