In the modern Russian literary language nouns are characterized by the presence of decline - changes in the number and case.And if the number of points for an indefinite number of similar objects, the case - a category that indicates the syntactic function of the noun in the sentence and its relation with other words.
case of a noun: the direct and indirect
In Russian six cases, of which the nominative - line, and all the rest (genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional) - indirect.The noun in the nominative case is always used without an excuse, in other word forms - both the pretext and without.Exception - prepositional case, which does not form bespredlozhnoy form.Prepositions at the case forms of nouns to help clarify the meaning of mortality.Each case has its own issues, which are given in the phrase from the main word to the case form (see. Table 1).
case of a noun: Table 1
| Mortality | Questions | |||
| for animate nouns | for inanimate nouns | |||
| Im.pad. Rod.pad. Dat.pad. Vinit.pad. Tvor.pad. Predlozh.pad. | Who? Who? Who? Who? Who? Whom? |
Cat Cat (the cat) Cat (the cat) cat (a cat) Cat (the cat) About cat | What? What? What? What? What? What? | table table (the table) table (the table) table (the table) table (under the table) on the table |
case of a noun: in detailabout every
nominative
This case is a primary, original form of the word and is used for the names of objects and phenomena.Thus, the nominative form in the proposal have the members, as the subject, application, treatment, nominal part of a complex nominal predicate, the principal term in the nominative sentences, such as: the rain outside the window.
genitive
This case can acquire different meanings depending on whether priglagolny he or priimennoy:
- priimennoy genitive case may denote relationships accessories relationship part to the whole, the qualitative assessment: fox tail,branch of a tree, a man of honor;
- genitive in verb phrase indicates, as a rule, the object of action: drink water, lose the opportunity, do not tell the truth.
Dative
This form of case designates the destination of the action, that is, the person to whom the action is directed: to come to the house, to refer a friend.
accusative
If no other case of a noun can be used and names, and verbs, accusative is mainly after transitive verbs and represents the object of action: to set the table, to see his mother, to do the job.
Instrumental
This case form represents an instrument of action (write with a pencil), place and time of action (go to the field), a course of action (to fly whirlwind), the person conducting the action (made father, written by Pushkin), and others.
Prepositional case
this case in the proposal refers to the subject of speech or thought (talking about his brother) to place / space within which the action takes place (to live in the house), on the condition of the subject of speech (spread out in all its glory) and others.
Thus, the case of a noun can express a variety of values that are specified by name or verb form is close to the case forms, is present or absent when the noun in the form of a mortality excuse.An important role is also played by the context.The main means by which the determined Cases - end and the issues of a particular case form.
