From the moment of its birth, every person, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, race or gender, have basic rights.As they get older and introduction to the social community in the subject increases the scope of rights, freedoms and duties in relation to the surrounding society and the people.
the first time the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are mentioned in the French "Declaration of Rights", adopted back in 1789, although the idea has a long history, the earliest mention of the fundamental privileges of the individual relate to 1215 (the year of the adoption of the British "Magna Carta").
But the most recent documents and the most important for most countries was the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights."
If we consider the matter in the context of a separate state, fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the Russian Federation, for example, supported and respected the Constitution.
Constitution Subsection all the legal privileges and liberties of the citizens of the country into separate groups, which cover all the main areas of human life:
- personal rights and freedoms;
- policy;
- social and economic rights;
- cultural.
Personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen take precedence.
Today, this group is given special attention, as the state policy aimed at the public good, while the Constitution of the Soviet Union the most important place was given to the economic stability of the country and its guarantees.
Personal rights belong to every human being from the moment of his birth and have no attachment to the nationality or citizenship, they are inalienable.
second chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation transferred and consolidated the rights and freedoms of man and citizen relating to his personality:
- right to life and to health protection implies an inability to impunity take the life of any person.Confirmation of this rule is reflected not only in making various kinds of punishment, but also the prohibition of the death penalty, although it may be given as a punishment in exceptional cases.
- right to security and dignity of the individual implies that no person shall be subjected to torture or any other type of violence or punishment, which can humiliate a person.This category may include not only physical punishment, but in the form of oral statements of libel and insult.
- right to inviolability of the means by itself the inadmissibility of illegal deprivation of liberty, or property.
law provides only limited freedom as a sanction for unlawful acts, the limitation is only possible after the trial or investigation.
Constitution enshrines rights such as the inviolability and protection of privacy, protection of honor and good name, personal and family secrets.In connection with these fixed rules prohibited illegal collection, storage and dissemination of any information relating to privacy, without the consent of the person.
Equally important personal right is the right to free movement, providing for the free movement not only within the country but also abroad.In particular, it provides an unlimited range of accommodation, both within the country and abroad.
rights and freedoms of man and citizen are inviolable value since ancient times, for which long and hard fought and the people, and many rulers.Today the system of rights is formed in such a way that all the basic human values are protected by law, are carried out active measures to increase resources for their strict observance.
