basis of the philosophy of Plato - his presentation of ideas.Theory of Plato's ideas presents them by some divine beings, eternal, independent of time and space.They govern the Cosmos, they summed up the whole life of the universe.This timeless designs, according to which matter is formed from an amorphous diversity of real things.They have their own existence, and things in the world exist only because they are a this or that idea, because it is present in them.The idea with respect to the sensible thing is both the cause and the aim sought by being sensual world.The ideas relate to each other on the principle of hierarchy, co-ordination and subordination.The highest - is the idea of the absolute Good, the source of beauty, truth and harmony.
Plato's theory of knowledge is built it as a theory of memory, while the guiding principle is the intelligent part of the soul.Plato believed that the soul is immortal.Until the moment of human birth, it is in a different place, where she could watch the world of eternal ideas.During life on Earth can comprehend the idea of the soul as a reminder of what he had seen before.Knowledge as a remembrance of what it was before the birth of Plato is one of the evidence of the existence of an immortal soul.
Plato's ideal state
theory of a harmonious unit, he presented in "State" and later developed into a "law."The present political art is, ultimately, the process of education of the soul, and therefore Plato put forward the idea of a true philosophy under this policy.He says that only when a politician is a philosopher, and vice versa, you can build a real state, which will be based on the higher values of good and truth.Build an ideal state, for Plato, is to know the man and his place in the universe.
State at thinker as well as the soul, has a structure consisting of three parts.The entire population of the city-state is divided into three estates: craftsmen, farmers, warriors and rulers (philosophers, sages).The harmonious co-existence of these three classes should provide a fair government.
estate of artisans, farmers formed of people that dominated the beginning of longing.The estate of the soldiers formed of individuals of which prevails at the beginning of the strong-willed.It is the duty of a warrior - to protect the state from internal and external dangers.According to Plato, the state can manage only the aristocrats as wise and better citizens.And the rulers should be those who love their city-states more than others, who are ready to carry out his duty with the greatest diligence.But most importantly, they were able to learn and contemplate the good, that is, they should prevail rationality and they can be called wise men.So, the ideal state of Plato - it is a social system where the first class of society dominated by the moderation in the second - the strength and courage, and in the third - wisdom.
idea of justice is that each person must do what he must;This applies to citizens of the city-state and a part of the soul.Plato's ideal state should have a perfect education and training.Plato attaches great importance to the education of the soldiers as the most active part of the citizens, which later can go rulers.Teaching rulers must combine practical skills with the study of philosophy.
At the end of the work he writes that is not so important, what should be the ideal state of Plato, it is sufficient that at least someone one will live by the laws of the city-state, that is, the laws of justice, good andGood.Before occur in external reality, the ideal city-state thinker to be born in the soul of each person.According to such principles built Plato's ideal state.
