Hygiene and sanitation - related but not identical to each other concepts.How they were shaped by their principles and what are they?
Historical background
As we remember from school lessons in ancient Greece and Rome there was literally a cult of purity of the body.Public baths and developed water supply systems contributed to the fact that people regularly engaged in their hygiene.Moreover, from the Latin word sanitas means "health."Obviously, for the Romans, these notions were closely linked.
With the advent of the Middle Ages the habit to take care of his body was lost.Sewage poured directly from the window on the street, even monarchs were proud of how rarely they take a bath.No wonder that for this period fell the most deadly epidemic that claimed many lives.
Later it became clear that cleanliness is essential.Scientists have discovered bacteria, which cause many diseases.We began to form the basis of sanitation, which gave a major boost to the development of medicine, and especially surgery.Started to decrease post-operative, as well as maternal and infant mortality.People once again came to the conclusion about the need to keep your body clean, because it was at least some prevention of many diseases.It is also one of the most important achievements in this field was the invention of the modern toilet, allowing people to distance from contact with products of its own life.
Mythology
idea of the need to keep the body clean to maintain health is reflected in the ancient Greek culture.Among other inhabitants of Olympus was listed a Asclepius, who was responsible for the art of healing.And he had a daughter by the name of Hygieia, whose name translates as "healthy."In Rome, she corresponded Salute also responsible for maintaining the physical well-being and prosperity.From the Greek name of the goddess, it is obvious where the name of science, now known to us as hygiene.
Basics
rules of sanitation in the home are quite simple:
- daily intake shower / bath;
- regular hand-washing, including after coming from the street, before eating, after using the toilet, and so on. Etc .;
- use of individual towels, combs and so on. Etc .;
- brushing your teeth 2 times a day;
- regular change of underwear and clothing, timely washing;
- preference should be given natural fabrics;
- should dress for the weather, the same goes for shoes.
There are separate, more specialized care sections devoted to cooking, keeping it clean house, good nutrition and sleep, and so on.. But in general, they are reduced to what is necessary to wash all products and thermally treating someof them, as well as housing and ventilate it regularly cleaned.Fundamentals of sanitation and hygiene are familiar to everyone, because they are imparted to us from childhood.But it is more concerned with the individual care of itself, but what about jobs?
Industrial sanitation
Cleanliness is important not only in everyday life but also at work.But here we are talking not only about the lack of contact with dangerous microorganisms, but also some other important things.According to the laws of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to provide its employees fair working conditions.By this can mean different things, but when it comes, for example, about the office, the room must be maintained normal temperature and humidity, good ventilation and lighting work.There should be no noise pollution, otherwise it is necessary to take appropriate measures, such as working in protective headphones.If we are talking about the production, it is sure to employees issued clothing, and in some cases also the gloves, helmets, respirators and other personal protective equipment.
Obviously, sanitation - this is important.Therefore, exported and imported food products in any country are not subject to scrutiny for compliance with the standards set individually.The Russian Federal Service is doing, and sanitation work - the area of interest of specialized inspections.So what if the rules are not respected, it is possible to appeal.
Hygiene and sanitation
It is obvious that these two concepts are closely linked.But they have several different meanings.If hygiene - it is mostly teoritezirovannaya science, sanitation - is its practical application.But in everyday life, and these concepts are often used interchangeably without serious loss of meaning.Though sometimes imply a sanitation measures taken by the organizations and the state, and under the hygiene - the rituals of personal care for a person with his body and housing.
development of science on the need to maintain the purity significantly reduced the incidence of a number of diseases: dysentery, salmonellosis, worm infestation, cholera, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, acute respiratory viral infections, intestinal infections, and so on. D. All of this so-called disease of dirty hands.Yet many infections are transmitted through the water.And when in civilized countries it is hardly worth worrying, we have life-giving water in some areas is better to drink only from bottles bought in shops.Currently, under the WHO estimates that about 1 billion people lack access to clean water at all, let alone drinking.
Modern rules
Despite the increased pace of life in big cities, people do not neglect personal hygiene.Now it covers a much wider range of actions than before.This is not just a regular body wash and hair, as well as teeth cleaning and washing, but hair removal, the use of a deodorant or antiperspirant, timely manicures and pedicures.Neat appearance - it's not just a pledge of their own health, but also a manifestation of respect for the society, because in the big cities people have to face each other more often and interact tightly.
Modern medicine is also not far behind: there sanitation - is actually a synonym for sterility, for healing some diseases, it is impossible to transfer the patient to the other.This is particularly important when it comes to surgery, during surgery because the human body is extremely vulnerable and deprived of virtually all of its protective mechanisms.
Criticism
probably rules of sanitation and hygiene will be complemented in the future.After all, there are still cases of infection of the contact, and with due regard to their purity they should not be.On the other hand, some doctors criticized the excessive desire to get rid of the slightest threat to interact with dirt and dust, believing that too extensive sanitation - a possible reason for the increased incidence of allergies.This is because the immune system without encountering natural hazards as germs and dirt begins to react pathologically harmless factors.Who is right, it is hard to say, because it is only a theory.
