They almost always remain in the shadows, but are a tremendous job.And from this work depends directly on the fate of the state.Special services of Russia - an instrument of power, together with the prosecutor, the court, the army, which reflects the policy of the state and acting in the interests of the State.It was always and absolutely in all states.
history of Secret service goes, perhaps, in ancient times, in the days when Russia spies hired for themselves.Then came the first detective agencies, military intelligence.By the way, the emblem of these bodies was the bat.The reports were widely used to make decisions about the raids on the neighbors of old Russian princes, to conduct wars of conquest.
Officially, the Russian security services were recorded in the reign of Tsar Alexis in 1649g.Concerned about safety, he began to identify low-born to serve in his personal office.In 1654g.it was called a secret order whose employees had special powers.After the death of the king was disbanded, the case transferred to the Ambassadorial order.Order now reports only to the king, followed the work of provincial governors, ambassadors, government agencies involved in intelligence and political affairs.Russian special services were then still very weak, but the first steps of the state in their development were made.
When the reforms of Peter I there was a regular police, the Interior Ministry (which is subordinate to the left over time the structure of the police), and the beginning of the twentieth century.divided into gendarme police, county, city and search.
sites were in the capital and major cities and, in turn, divided into the neighborhood where policemen were on duty.The counties were mills, with the country bailiffs.In the villages the functions of the police carried the rural guards.In 1903.in order to strengthen the county police had set up a police guard, at the heart of which were horse-police units.
Police Department, along with the detective department carried operational-search function.
Gendarmerie was the most powerful.The body of gendarmes (private, established in 1827.) Was a military organization in all respects (marching, economic, administrative) and reported directly to the Ministry of Defense, and in 1880 part of the Interior Ministry.
forward to the nineteenth century.After the October Revolution, Russia needs to ensure the protection of their interests to have information about the enemy and his secret plans.
It was decided to create a separate service Cheka - OGPU, with units of KGB and military, with the possibility of independent decision-making intelligence and counterintelligence tasks, but the main goal was to fight against the counter-revolutionary movement.Then the Russian security services several times changed its name.1920.- Cheka, the NKVD of the RSFSR.
1941, February - in a reorganization of the security services again: NKVD divided into commissariats.One of them - the Interior, the second - state.security.Russian security services gain independence.
1941. July - NKGB and the NKVD were combined into a single, holistic NKVD.
1943 - created State Counterintelligence "Smersh" and goes under the hand of the People's Commissariat.
After the war going on yet another reorganization.
1946. March - creates the MGB, his job - intelligence and counterintelligence.Both within the country and outside, around the world.
1954. March - the creation of a new body - the KGB (intelligence, counterintelligence), which existed before the collapse of the Soviet Union.
1991.- Another reorganization.KGB breaks down into separate services: the border, the state protection, government communications, counter-intelligence, intelligence.
A year before the reorganization of the Soviet Union comes to Interpol.In September 1993, Russia, as the successor enters the ranks of the ICPO-Interpol.
few months NCB gains experience, evaluates it and creates special services of Russia, still exists today.
