Despite significant global progress in the formulation of norms and standards on human rights, in their implementation, there are huge gaps.One law and domestic resources are insufficient to ensure that the right to become a reality, it is necessary also to ensure respect for the law and its application in life.It is for this need of international protection of human rights.Yes, of course, the states have their own laws and obyaannosti zaschischayut these rights, but always they apply them?The mechanisms of this protection can be used to state these duties are performed.
After the world wars of the twentieth century - especially the second - it became clear that human rights and freedoms is almost impossible to implement in national law - terrible crimes, genocide and massacres were committed by different regimes in Europe and Asia on the basis of laws, but these laws are absolutelydid not meet the human rights and freedoms.Therefore, the United Nations decided that it is extremely important to follow internationally for at how human rights are respected at the national level.Thus, the international protection of human rights became a priority for this new organization.
can say that the United Nations is there and realizutsya many functions in the field of human rights protection.It is for this special structure that can recommend to investigate, advise, assist States within the United Nations system as necessary to promote and respect human rights in various areas, and even monitor how States fulfill their recommendations.The authority of the UN agencies based on international commitments outside the United States.On this basis, to carry out international legal protection of human rights.
First of all, this is the function of the UN General Assembly, as well as a special Council of Economic and Social Affairs, which she directs.The Council (ECOSOC) makes reports, which serve as the basis to include a variety of acute and problematic issues concerning the violence against human rights in the agenda of the General Assembly.Such issues may also offer different states of the United Nations, and even the Secretary General.International protection of human rights through this system is weakened by the fact that the decisions of the General Assembly for the government is not mandatory, but advisory.However, they are based on the principles of international law that are binding in legal terms.
a subsidiary body of ECOSOC, which performs the function of human rights, could be called the Commission on Human Rights, created in the forties of the last century.Each year, it meets for six weeks.Her special rapporteurs prepare various studies over the fact whether international treaties are violated as respected civil rights and freedoms, the rights of women and minorities, who are not subjected to any discrimination on grounds of skin color, nationality, religion or other characteristics.In addition to research, the Commission shall make recommendations to improve the situation.
international human rights mechanisms since 1976 were strengthened the emergence of the UN special committee, which also works in the field of human rights.They include experts from different countries, have a high reputation in the field of morality and are experts on the rights and freedoms of their implementation and protection.Committee hears reports from States on what situation they respect human rights and make them different notes, which the state is obliged to respond.This Committee may also complain to the individuals on the violation of their rights and freedoms.Considering the complaint, the Committee decides and recommends that it should be given to the state to change in law and practice, in order to avoid violations.
International protection of human rights within the UN system made also through other bodies dealing with the rights of specific groups of people: women, children, and so on.International Criminal Court to the 2000s has been the most serious crimes against human rights committed by persons, those in power - such as war crimes, genocide or crimes against humanity, and things like that.As in recent years, the UN system, protecting human rights, it is criticized from all sides due to its cumbersome and inefficient, especially in crisis situations, there were positions such as the UN High Commissioner - in particular, human rights, rights of refugees whocan operate in conditions of war.
