According to scientists (linguists and psiholinvisty), for everyday life the average person "to head" missing about a thousand words.However, the vocabulary educated Europeans is about ten to twenty thousand.It is an active use, while the knowledge and understanding we can about two to two and a half times more than words.But once a person is immersed in any profession, industry knowledge, the topic - yes even knitting or cutting out - it needs and specific means of expression of this sector.And if we constantly have to deal with the documents - we definitely need a wide variety of dictionaries.We linguists and interpreters have the habit of using this reference books - it's their specialty.The most popular types of dictionaries have - is primarily bilingual and multilingual - giving word translation into one or several languages.There are monolingual, and thesauruses and dictionaries of any particular group.For example, foreign words, etymological (explaining the origin of tokens), smart.All types of dictionaries of the Russian language it is difficult to enumerate.If you want to know what represents a particular word or concept, use sensible (for example, edited or Ozhegova Dahl), or encyclopedic dictionary.
However, not all words can be included in such publications: for example, they may not contain the highly specialized terminology.In this case, these types of dictionaries, which contains special (medical, technical, mathematical) terms.A value of idioms - well, at least "shelve" or "eat dog" - we will check a dictionary of phraseology.Very often these directories need for translators of fiction and just studying a foreign language.After all, if their native idiom is clear from the context, English or German, you can not translate it literally, save the value.
There are also so-called "reverse" types of dictionaries - if the words are usually arranged in alphabetical order by first, second and subsequent letters, then for example, represents the end of a rhyming dictionary words and sorting goes in the opposite direction.
If we refer to dictionaries of the Russian language, the types of which are very diverse, it is necessary to tell and about the frequency, and the semantic dictionary.These guides pogruppirovany word on the frequency of use or thematic groups: the nucleus (the most important topics in the token) to the periphery.
There are also types of dictionaries as spelling - for them it is possible to check the spelling of a word, pronouncing - which checked the sound and pronunciation, dialectical (or regional), which collected and explained by the specific vocabulary of territorial groups (the so-called dialects).Neologisms, obsolete words - that is, those that are or have recently entered the language and still not mastered it, or have not used - are represented in the relevant dictionaries (historicism, obsolete words, new words).Finally, are such kinds of dictionaries, which are works of a certain writer or a poet, with comments explaining the specifics of its use of certain words.These include, for example, the "Dictionary of the language of Alexander Pushkin", "Dictionary of the works of Yesenin" and others.
