information is one of the fundamental philosophical categories, along with matter, energy, space and time.The concept of information has many different definitions, which reveal all its faces.Philosophical Dictionary gives this definition it - firstly, it is the totality of any knowledge, data, some information, and secondly, it is one of the most important concepts in cybernetics.
In inanimate nature of the information associated with reflection, reflection, in everyday life - with the information that is interesting for people of reality and the processes occurring in it, which is only able to perceive a person or a device he created.
person perceives it through its existing senses.The concept of information from people - the knowledge he received from various sources.Linguistics sees it not as any messages, but as a new and useful, that is not to take into account the volume of the message, and its meaning.
The same information technology - all messages that are transmitted by signs or signals.
to communication theory, it is a sequence of characters, and any without taking into account its meaning.
And in the information theory, it is not understood by any sequence of characters, but only one that completely eliminates or reduces the uncertainty that existed before its appearance.
concept of information in cybernetics is as follows: is any set of signals, data or effects perceived by some system of environmental protection, issued by it in the environment, or stored within the system.Also, it is the content of any signal sequences are transferred elsewhere, ie any text as a sequence of letters or sounds that are regarded as acoustic or graphic signals.Means computers are able to process any information without human intervention and thus can not talk about any knowledge nor ignorance.These units can be operated with artificial, abstract, false data, for which there is an objective reflection of any human society, or in the environment.
Another concept of information - it is a product resulting from the interaction of these with the appropriate methods.Data are any registered signals.But in order to extract information from them, we need certain methods.
There is also a notion of information as a kind of resource, reserve some characteristics of an object, but an inexhaustible resource that has the ability to update and play.And with this resource can produce some action - information processes.In the structure of the possible operations it is possible to identify several key species.
Types of information processes:
1) Search - information retrieval from storage.
2) Collection - its accumulation to provide sufficient detail to make a decision.
3) Formalizing - bringing all its forms in the same form in order to make them comparable with each other.
4) Filtering - sifting the data is not relevant for the decision.
5) Sort - ordering all data on a specific basis for more convenient use, is used to improve its accessibility.
6) Backup - the organization of the process of storing information in an easily accessible and user-friendly form, through this process reduced the economic costs of data storage and increases reliability.
7) Data Protection - a measure to prevent loss, modification or reproduction of data.
8) Transportation - transmission and reception of data between participants in the information process.
9) Convert - transfer of data into another form, or another structure.
concept of information complex and multifaceted, so you should make the effort to study it.
