Genetic engineering is a set of methods, techniques and technologies isolation from cells of the organism or gene to produce recombinant RNA and DNA of the different genetic manipulation, as well as their introduction and other organisms.This discipline contributes to obtaining the desired characteristics of the body variable.
science in the broadest sense of genetic engineering is not, however, considered a biotechnological tool.It uses the study of sciences like genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology.
genetically engineered related to the management of inheritance, were one of the brightest events in the development of science.
scientists, molecular biologists, biochemists have learned to change, modify genes and create a completely new, combining genes from different organisms.Also, they have learned and synthesize the material in accordance with a predetermined pattern.Artificial material scientists began to enter into the body, causing them to work.In all of this work is based genetic engineering.
However, there are some limitations, "biological material."This problem, scientists are trying to solve with the help of tissue culture and plant cells.Experts note that this path quite promising.Over the last several decades, scientists have developed methods by which certain cells of the plant or animal tissue can be made to grow and reproduce independently, separately from the body.
genetic engineering are of great importance.Cell cultures used in the experiments as well as in the industrial production of certain substances, which can not be obtained using bacterial cultures.However, in this area there are difficulties.For example, the problem is the lack of ability in animal cells share the same infinite number of times, as bacterial cells.
During the experiments were made fundamental discoveries.For the first time it was put "chemically pure" isolated gene.Later, scientists discovered ligase and restriction enzymes.Using the latest gene was possible to cut into pieces - nucleotides.And with ligases may be contrary to connect, "glue" the pieces, but in new combinations, creating, designing a gene.
Significant progress achieved in the process of scientists and "reading" of biological information.For many years deciphering the data incorporated in the genes involved in W. Gilbert and Frederick Sanger, American and British scientists.
Experts say that genetic engineering for the entire period of its existence, had no negative impact on the researchers themselves do not cause harm to someone and did not bring damage to nature.Scientists note that the results achieved in the process of studying the functioning of mechanisms for the vital activity of organisms and in the application industries are very impressive.This outlook is truly fabulous.
Despite the importance of genetics and genetic engineering in agriculture and medicine, its main results are not achieved.
scientists face a lot of problems.It should determine not only the function and purpose of each gene, but also the conditions under which it occurs activation periods in which it lives, under the influence of any factor in which the body portions is included and it stimulates protein synthesis.Furthermore, it is important to elucidate the role of this protein in the living body, which triggers the reaction he goes for whether the cell limits, which carries the information.Suffice it difficult is the problem of protein folding.The solution to these and many other tasks carried out by scientists in the framework of genetic engineering.
