State budget is an essential condition for the operation of any State, need for financial resources to fulfill their functions.
first form a single estimate of expenditure and revenue have tried in England in the late 17th century.
At the time of its formation, the state budget was expressed in the estimate of possible income and expenditure of the country.This definition meets the requirements of the time.His appearance was caused by the necessity of creating a unified set of scattered settlements related to the income and expenditure of the most important events of national character.
In the process of development of the society used definition was outdated.Thus, the concept of the state budget is beginning to acquire the character of the financial plan, while defining the movement of the bulk of financial reserves of the country.
Expansion of government functions increases the number of sources of expenditure, income.The state budget, whose structure is complicated, while linked to other government plans.
The Russian Federation has drawn up a financial plan of the country for a year.At the end of this period, the government reports on its implementation.
The state budget is an important link in the process of redistribution of the national income, in social reproduction playing a special role.So, through the main financial plan redistributes about 50% of national income in many countries is about 3/4 of all funds.In turn, this gives the government an opportunity to not only meet the needs of national importance, but also exert an active influence on the entire social life, doing so, the program for social and economic development in the state.
Regulation, which is given to the state budget, giving it legal force.Therefore, the main financial plan approved by the highest authorities of the legislative (parliament).Implementation of the plan is compulsory for all participants in the financial process.
budget of the country is of great economic importance.First of all, it is reflected in the fact that the financial plan through a system of income trends and the amount of funding has an impact on the socio-economic processes.Among them should be noted in particular, employment, business activity, the market of consumer goods and equipment, and others.
main components of the plan are the main financial expenditure and revenue sides.On the revenue side reflects the sources of finance, the expenditure - the purposes for which directed accumulated funds.
Sources of income include tax issue (additional issue) of credit and paper money, government loans (promissory notes, securities, etc.), as well as loans provided by international organizations.
In developed countries, the structure of the expenditure side is determined as follows:
- at least 50% of the budget is directed to the satisfaction of social needs;
- about 20% is aimed at maintaining the country's defense capability.
The remaining funds are allocated for development of infrastructure (communications, roads, landscaping, etc.), public debt service (debt), the provision of subsidies to enterprises.
State budget, the functions of which include the distribution (redistribution) and control, not only to concentrate finances in the hands of the state, but also to monitor the timeliness and completeness of their revenues in the country.Thus, the main financial plan is a reflection of the processes taking place within the economic structure.
