states and cultures of Mesopotamia, formed in the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates, formed the first major civilization in human history.The heyday of its development falls on the IV-III thousand. BC.e.For many sectors of human life, as embodied and become known in later civilizations, it was home to Mesopotamia: architecture, writing, mathematics, the state apparatus, social structure and so on.
Unfortunately Goals that have passed since that time, have destroyed much of the achievements of this cradle of humanity.Almost everything we know about it, it is known through surviving in the ground material artifacts: cuneiform plate for giving an idea of the ancient writings found a stone stele, kept the law Khamurappi (the oldest formal legislation, which was home to just Mesopotamia).Architecture, telling about religious beliefs, social and political structure of these peoples, and so on, also plays a significant role in this.Actually, it is the remains of ancient constructions provide the most complete information on the long-extinct states.
Mesopotamia: architecture as the appearance of civilization
in almost complete absence of stone and wood in this area the main building blocks of Sumer, Assyria and Babylonia was the clay from which lepilsya called adobe brick, and later burnedbrick.Actually, the origin and evolution of the buildings of mud brick - it is a major contribution to world architecture, which is made of ancient Mesopotamia.
Architecture of Mesopotamia as early as the end of VI millennium BC.e.characterized by the occurrence of mud houses, consisting of several buildings.It was in this period when most of the world's population still do not even think to go to agriculture, living in the random parking lots and industrial Driven hunting and gathering.With the emergence of the state in Sumer there appear monumental and religious buildings.People who inhabited this territory, built characteristic temples in the form of stepped towers and ziggurats.Ziggurats had usually a pyramidal shape.Interestingly, that their appearance has biblical Tower of Babel, ranked in the Bible of the more ancient myths of the peoples of Mesopotamia.
palaces and royal residences of princes Assyria and Babylonia had a very complex structure.For example, the palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad city was the stronghold of the powerful, having a height of twenty meters.And his courtyard was abundantly laced with canals and vaulted ceilings.The palace itself was a one-story, however, I had a number of courtyards around.In one part of the king's apartments were located, and the other - quarters for women.In addition, in the palace were also placed public service and temples.
The device architecture cities of ancient Mesopotamia is characterized by a continuous built-up quarters with the presence of the common wall between two separate houses, as well as facing the street deaf facades and small windows located under the roof.Inside a building, as a rule, have a patio.
