This man's name is known to everyone today, the domestic student.Biography Ivan Susanin associated primarily with its famous feat, thanks to which life was saved by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.Yes, we are talking about the events of the Polish invaders, and which each of us at least once, but have heard in my life.This biography of Ivan Susanin, and will be the focus of this article.As well as the difficulties associated with its recovery.
Ivan Susanin.Biography: summary
This farmer was born in the village Villages.With regard to his or her age, researchers have not reached a consensus.Some argue that he was 30-35 years old, the other - that he was in his old age.
According to unconfirmed legend in winter 1612, when a significant portion of the then kingdom of Moscow was occupied by troops of the Commonwealth, the peasant Ivan Susanin was hired at the service of a detachment of Polish and Lithuanian forces.He was to be their guide in the village Domnino, which was then still a young Russian tsar Mikhail Romanov.However, the peasant has deceived the invaders, teach them the wrong way.He led the Poles in the opposite direction, toward the village Isupova, and sent his own son-in-Domnino with the news of the impending danger (mention of zyate historians and prompted the idea of an adult hero).
When the fraud was discovered, Ivan Susanin was brutally tortured, but the hero never betrayed the whereabouts of the young king.For this, he shall be cut into small pieces, will forever remain in the forest.Here, in general, and all the information available to the biography of Ivan Susanin.
put forward the version that he was a serf of the landowner Shestov.Others researchers believe that this man was not an ordinary farmer and village chief.
biography of Ivan Susanin and problems of historiography issue
And here it turns out that is not so simple.Usually historians is not particularly difficult recovery biographies of more or less well-known figures of the modern era.More difficult situation with details concerning the events of earlier eras, since no documents, no material evidence sufficient, as a rule, did not survive.And Ivan Susanin was not an important person.
Today we can reconstruct events from the life of medieval kings and generals, comparing them with the reform efforts, military campaigns, and other acts, to leave a trace in history.But someone at the end of the XVI century were interested in the individual peasants?For a long time the only document which mentions the name was charter of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.In it he referred to Ivan Susanin, a brief biography of the man, as well as a general description of his achievement.The paper is dated 1619 year.Then it was handed to relatives of the hero.There were other, more recent letters, but they only repeated the text of the first, without adding anything new.
Interestingly, the image of the glorification of the peasant began only at the beginning of the XIX century.Composer Sergei Glinka, historian and writer Dmitry Kamensky Bantysh-known poets of the time described it in his writings as the savior of the Russian king and national hero.
However, a number of researchers exposed and even questioned the reality of the person Susanin.One such skeptic, for example, was a Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin.
The fact that such a "Susanin" plot known during the war, which was attended by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.Then the Ukrainian Cossack Galagan Nikita started the Polish gentry in the impenetrable jungle, thus ensuring the victory of his army in the Battle of Korsun in 1648.It is believed that the legend of Ivan Susanin was inspired by this episode.
However, since the XIX century the irresistible creation of an image that we know today.Susanin started to dedicate poems, plays, novels and drama.He went to a place of honor in the works of famous cultural figures: Ryleeva Field, Glinka.
In 1838, at the behest of Emperor Nicholas I was placed first in Russia monument to Susanin.Thus, it languished in obscurity for two centuries after his feat of the peasant became likely by the beginning of the XX century this national hero.
