typology of state and law can be carried out according to various criteria, in accordance with one or the other direction.Until recently, the only one in the educational and scientific literature was class-formational direction.In accordance with the typology of the state shall be based on economic order in a class society, the nature of the relationship (exploitative or non-exploiting).It was, therefore, a set of the most significant features that are inherent in the system of one socio-economic formation.
With the development of world political and legal thought were developed, and other criteria, which held the typology of the state.For example, Jellinek considered that, despite the continuous transformation and development, we can establish some causal characteristics.They will give particular State (or group) for its entire history traits relating it to a specific type.Jellinek shared system ideal and empirical.
ideal type of a German lawyer thought imaginable state, does not exist in reality.This system was opposed to the empirical.Typology of the state in accordance with the empirical approach involves examination of the system in accordance with the nature of the state union, as well as the position occupied by the individual in the system.Jellinek distinguishes modern, medieval, Roman, Greek and ancient oriental system.
The above trend is now regarded as the most common.Based on the concept of "civilization", it is a civilizational approach to the typology of the state.Toynbee (English historian) further elaborated and developed the basic concept.He knew a civilization state of society is relatively closed, and local, characterized by common geographic, economic, cultural, psychological, religious and other factors.
Recent studies have shown the history of mankind-dimensional (single-line) formational explanation of the development and functioning of society.In this regard, this typology of the state does not differ comprehensive, global.Outside of this area there are many historical events that make up the very essence and characteristics of the society.
primarily in the analysis of economic fundamentals does not take into account the multi-structural accompanying almost all social history since the transition of society to a civilized state.When taking into account the fundamental fact that traditional notions vary significantly.
When used formation approach there is a significant narrowing of the class structure of the layers and their social structure.This is due to the fact that the recorded mainly classes antagonists.Other sections of society are pushed beyond the limits of the study, not fitting into the traditional model.
formation approach significantly limits the possibility of analyzing the cultural and spiritual life of society, enclosing them in the circle of ideas, values and beliefs, which are intended to reflect the interests of the main classes of antagonists.
civilizational approach is broader and rich, allowing not only to distinguish between class conflict, but also the scope of their relations on the basis of universal human values.It becomes possible to study not only the contradictions, but also common spiritual principles reflected in the behavior of people in different areas.
civilizational approach, therefore, allows us to represent the state not only as an instrument of political domination of the exploiting class over the exploited class.In the political system of power, among other things, an important factor of social, economic and spiritual development of society, meet different human needs, consolidation of people.
