History of algebra goes back to antiquity.Obviously, her appearance was caused directly connected with the first astronomical and other calculations, anyway using natural numbers and arithmetic operations.The history of algebra confirmed such original recordings, found among samples of writing of the earliest civilizations.For example, the Babylonians and the Egyptians already knew how to solve simple equations of first and second degree, quadratic equations.But their calculation were strictly practical.The history of algebra as theoretical science leads us to ancient Greece.It was here in the IV century the first essay, which was the direct study of abstract algebraic problems.It was a treatise of Diophantus thinker.It has clearly identified the simplest algebraic axiom: the rule of signs (minus to minus - plus, etc.), examples of complicated tasks, the study of numerical powers, addressing issues related to the theory of numbers, and so on.Unfortunately, this is the only work that has come to us from the ancient times of gray, and not in full.
Arab mathematician
With the collapse of the ancient civilization under the onslaught of barbarian peoples and lost many of its achievements.Including the history of algebra interrupts its development among European peoples for a thousand years.From the VII century, the center of the set of sciences and mathematics and medicine in particular, it is the Muslim East.Actually, the word "algebra" is believed today, is derived from the treatise of the Arab scientist Al-Khwarizmi "Al Jabo al mukaballa", which translates as "the doctrine of relations, permutations and decisions."Interestingly, from the name of the math some scientists deduce the etymology of the word "algorithm".Whatever it was, but it is the Arab world for many centuries it becomes a beacon of science.However, the eastern followers apparently relied on some of the Greek achievement.In any case, it is known that they were known works of ancient mathematicians.On the one hand, the Muslims really deserves the credit for the preservation of ancient algebraic world heritage, but at the same time, over the centuries, they have not contributed to the development of this new science of significant discoveries.Mathematics studies, but not improved.
Mathematics and other civilizations
Interestingly, the history of the emergence of algebra is not limited to Europe and having contact with her Arab civilization.Thus, the significant results achieved in the Indian science of mathematics.In particular, they introduced the concept of "zero", which later came across the Arab world to Europe and has been used by scientists.The Chinese are quite independently, since the dawn of our era, have learned to solve the equations of the first degree.They were known to the irrational and negative numbers.
Europe regained the lead
Interrupted history of algebra again begins its countdown in the New Times.The first essay after a treatise of Diophantus considered the work of the Italian merchant Leonardo, who met with the arithmetic and algebra, traveling east.The gradual expansion of feudalism, and with it the church scholasticism and dogma, unhurried pace of capitalism and the pursuit of territorial discoveries have led to a revival of all the scientific sector in the continent.And after a couple of centuries, Europe is once again becoming advanced in the scientific and technical point of view the region.
