One of the most important mineral is oil.This black oily liquid, which belongs to the category of flammable substances.The color of the oil may vary slightly depending on the area in which it is extracted.Meets yellow, brown, green, cherry or even transparent appearance of the fossil.Scent oil may also vary depending on the chemical composition, which comprises hydrocarbons and impurities other compounds.These are some common characteristics.And now a little about what the origin of the oil.
During its study it was found out that the formation of this substance can last up to 350 million. Years.This is a very long process.Many scholars hold versions of organic origin of oil.This biogenic theory.
Its meaning lies in the fact that at the heart of this process lie the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.Their habitat is considered to be the water, mostly shallow water.As a result of destruction of microorganisms occur accumulation layer with a high organic content.Since the origin of the oil - it's a long process, over time, these layers sank deep into the earth.There they have impacted the upper layers, which causes an increase in temperature.The biochemical processes that occur at the same time, against the backdrop of a lack of oxygen converted organic matter into hydrocarbons.
These hydrocarbons are located in different physical condition.Some were fixed and solid.Another of them was in a liquid or gaseous state.As a result of the pressure she moved up through the rocks, which could be overcome.
Once the hydrocarbons are faced with impermeable layers, the movement ended.Thus, there is their mass accumulation.This place became mine.It looks like the organic origin of oil.
Oil is known to people since ancient times.But it was originally harvested exclusively from the surface.If the flow of oil have not seen much of underground obstacles, they made their way upstairs.In those days it was used not as active.Oil was added to a solution of a mixture for the construction of buildings for better sealing.Also it has been used as a medicament for combating skin disorders.To a lesser extent the use of oil carried as fuel.
After the invention of kerosene lamp demand for fuel has increased significantly.Extracting fossil kerosene this was the cheapest way.People interested in the origin of the oil.So began to develop the oil industry.
first oil rig was drilled in Baku in 1847.Over time, it became a city that already had a few wells.
methods of oil extraction in those days were tame.But in the autumn of 1864 there was a shift to mechanical shock sucker rod method.We used the steam engine in order to cause the drilling station in place.
Oil drilling marked the beginning of production for this mineral cheaper way.
Water contained in the oil has a higher density.Therefore, oil is above water.A gas lighter than oil, so it is located above the oil.In the development of wells sometimes appears first gas.
Oil can be from a few tens of meters to 5 kilometers deep into the earth's surface.In this interval there are oil and gas in varying proportions.The lower production rate, the more gas.
the places where the oil lies, called collectors.
Oil is one of the most important minerals.Its importance can not be overestimated.The availability of oil in the natural resource complex of the state depends on its economic stability.
