perhaps every head of the Soviet state, remained in the office any serious period memorable landmark public acts.They criticize or praise, but their names are certainly familiar to every schoolchild.And not just names, but the whole era associated with them - are so different.Stalin's Association - is an atmosphere of repression and fear of total power, Gorbachev - so today swears reform complex and whose name was included in the other languages of the world, - «perestroika».During the reign of NS Khrushchev left in people's memory before the whole process of de-Stalinization, thaw and ambitious venture ended in failure.Among the latter - virgin and "corn saga."However, Khrushchev, during whose reign lasted from 1953 to 1964, as the head of state made a significant contribution to its technical and scientific development.Let us recall the main events of the era.
Khrushchev: the reign and thaw
The process involves initially with the XX Congress of the Communist Party, and which laid the foundations of a new era for the country.It was here that in February 1954 the new secretary was read a report debunking of Stalin's cult of personality, as well as abstracts of the variety of ways to achieve socialism.Hard and sometimes brutal measures of the past era, arising from yesterday's uncompromising ideology of the communist ideas in the struggle against the counter, were convicted.As an alternative, it proposed the idea of peaceful coexistence of countries with different economic systems, but also embarked on reducing the ideological control over society.In this respect, Khrushchev, during whose reign marked by de-Stalinization, marked the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian state.In other words, now the control of the mass ideology only decreased, resulting in ten years to the writers of the sixties, twenty - the condemnation of government "in every kitchen", and later thirties staggered and the entire system.However, the earlier mass rehabilitation of the innocent prisoners, repatriation of the Crimean Tatars, the liberation from the shackles of cultural facilities - certainly positive consequences thaw.In 1950-1960-ies there is a significant rise of the Soviet cinema and literature.
Khrushchev: the reign and international situation
Here epoch is very contradictory.On the one hand, there is an international detente: the general softening of the foreign policy of the Union, the first visit to Western leaders (such as Charles de Gaulle), itself a fundamental recognition of the coexistence of the two systems, the improvement of relations with Yugoslavia under Tito.Last for a long time seemed to Stalin's government as "fascist clique" (because of their own line of Tito in the development of their country, in contrast to a number of puppet governments in Eastern and Western Europe).On the other hand, it is in this era take place: a huge build-up of nuclear capability between East and West, the first real threat of the monstrous nuclear war (Cuban Missile Crisis), the symbolism of the Iron Curtain finds its material embodiment in the form of the Berlin Wall.Strongly worsen relations with China, whose government is headed by Mao Tse-tung, categorically do not accept criticism of the Stalinist era, finding a new course Soviets apostasy from the ideas of communism.USSR during the Khrushchev achieved considerable success in scientific and technical sphere.Above all, they, of course, embodied in the space race in which our scientists, without exaggeration, won in the period, sending the first satellite into space, the first man, behind the moon, but the first to reach Venus.
