Modern science believes that domestic plants and animals descended from their wild ancestors, as evidenced by significant similarities between wild and domestic creatures.Another 13 thousand. BCIt began the process of domestication of wild animals and therefore cultivation of many plants, which is now called the Neolithic revolution.It is difficult to assume that the first domestication occurred on a preconceived plan with the intended purpose.In this case, artificial selection has played an important role, people take from nature what she graciously provided to them.Reclaim plants largely spontaneous assisted selection and experience of previous generations, as far back as the Neolithic period some progress was achieved in the cultivation of crops.
It should be understood that organisms of one species, such as dogs, are descended from a common ancestor, but to achieve a variety of modern breeds helped natural and artificial selection.The process of domestication has left a significant imprint on the entire living nature, for a variety of breeds and varieties gives the right to speak about the ability of mankind to influence the nature of the radical.
Species selection and their capabilities
can say that artificial selection - this is a very selective admission to further propagation of plants, animals and all other organisms.It was on the basis thereof and the rules were withdrawn modern selection.Artificial selection has several types: the unconscious (selected the best specimens of one species, but for no apparent reason and specific purpose), methodological (creation of new varieties and breeds, in accordance with a preconceived plan).Of course, methodical selection is much quicker than the unconscious, it is based on the doctrine of variability and heritability of traits.
doctrine of artificial selection is based on the principle that living organisms being exposed to the environment, acquire qualities that are useful not for themselves, but for a man.The laws of heredity stipulate that if the conditions that caused the change in the first generations, changes in the characteristics will be stored and secured.The ability to adapt and transmit relevant traits to future generations is particularly good because there is no need to create for the plants and animals, the special conditions of existence, and you can adapt them to their own.
selection - whether it needed
Do not think that man is created entirely artificial, just down from generation to generation, people pointed at those or other breeds, even the most subtle properties already on their basis contributed to the development of certain qualities.After all, no matter how hard you try to teach an elephant hunt mink impossible;artificial selection just helped to identify and define the most suitable for a variety of living organisms function.For example, there are watchdog, beagles, Fighting and even lap dogs that serve just for decoration.
largely artificial selection differs from natural only influencing factor.In the first case it is a human factor and its benefits, and the second - the struggle for existence.And in fact, and in another case, the accumulation of change occurs gradually, sometimes it takes decades.Perform artificial selection can be like phenotype, ie, by their appearance and on the genotype, that is the ability to transmit to future generations a certain trait.Today, both types of selection have been used successfully, with modern plant breeders are trying to combine the best provided opportunities for new and useful properties.
Artificial selection is quite natural result of a person who, in accordance with their needs, can not wait for the results of the evolution of nature and the living world is forced to adjust to fit your needs.Otherwise humanity in the form in which it is, simply could not exist, at the mercy of nature.
