Braille - a tactile system of writing used in the books, inscriptions, currencies, and other items for the blind and visually impaired people.Through displays, developed on the basis of Braille, blind people can use computers and other electronic means.To record possible by means of special devices, such as portable notebook or Braille keyboard.
Braille is named after its creator - Frenchman Louis Braille, who became blind as a child due to injury.In 1824, at age 15, he developed the font for the French alphabet as the improvement of military equipment night reading.Publication of this system, which was later included the note letter, occurred in 1829, second edition, published in 1837, became the first binary recording system.
Alphabet for the blind is the signs, having the form of rectangular blocks (cells) with convex points.The number and location of these points distinguish one letter from another.Since braille is written transcription of the existing systems, the procedure and the number of characters varies depending on the language.Thanks to the software, the ability to reproduce the sound of the text, using the font has decreased significantly.Alphabet blind continues to play a major role in the development of reading ability of blind children, and literacy can increase the level of employment among people with disabilities.
Braille was based on a military cipher, so-called "night writing" developed by Charles Barbier in connection with the need to exchange information at night without attracting the attention of the enemy by means of sound or light.The system Barbier set of 12 raised dots corresponded to one of the 36 sounds.This method has been rejected by the army because it was too difficult for the military.In 1821, Barbier visited the Royal Institute for the Blind in Paris, where he met with Louis Braille.Braille noted two significant drawbacks of this cipher.Firstly, signs consistent with the only sound, and therefore can not display the orthographic spelling.Second, the signs of 12 raised dots were too large to recognize them by touch without moving your finger, which significantly slowed down the process of reading.Braille is a modification where the cells of 6 points correspond to the individual letters of the alphabet.
originally included only the Braille letters the French alphabet, but soon there was a set of abbreviations, acronyms and even logograms that have made use of the system more convenient.Today Braille is more independent writing system for the blind, rather than writing code spelling words.There are three levels of the font.First used by those who are just starting to read Braille, and consists of letters and punctuation marks.The most common is the second level, where there are reductions in order to save space on the page.Rarely can meet the third level, where whole words are reduced to a few letters or recorded using special characters.
