Aromatic alcohols - derivatives of benzene homologues, in which the hydrogen radical is replaced by a hydroxy group.At present, the perfume industry is often used benzyl alcohol.The formula of the compound represented by the residues of alcohol and benzene radical (phenyl) - S6N5SN2ON.Aromatic alcohols characterized isomerism radical side chain and placement group - OH in the hydrocarbon chain.Alcohol in most cases give a trivial names.
Benzyl Alcohol: methods of producing
aromatic alcohols in the free state is widely distributed in nature.Typically, they are detected in the essential oils.Benzyl alcohol is synthesized from the halogen derivatives of benzene homologues, in which the halogen is localized in a side chain.These alcohols differ from phenols primarily because it does not have a pronounced acidic properties.Benzyl alcohol is also obtained from natural raw materials, which comprises esters.Thereafter, thus obtained was extracted with aromatic alcohols.Aromatic alcohols are very close to the aliphatic alcohols: under the action of alkali metal alcoholates form;by oxidation, depending on the structure, are converted into the corresponding aldehydes or ketones;very easy to form ethers and esters.
Physical properties of alcohols
first representatives of the homologous series of acyclic alcohols - liquid, higher alcohols - solids.First homologs (methanol, ethanol, propanol) have a smell of alcohol, medium (isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol) - fusel oils, higher - no odor.Alcohols having a high boiling point, due to the association of the molecules by means of hydrogen bonds.Most of these and other physico-chemical properties of alcohols varies with increasing molecular weight.
should take into account the fact that the transition alcohol from liquid to gaseous state (at boiling) breaks down the hydrogen bond.The UV spectrum has an absorption band in the region of 150-200 nm.X-ray and electron diffraction angle possible to determine the nonlinear coupling of the C-C-H of 110 ° 25 '.With regard to aromatic alcohols, they are the same characteristic properties as acyclic alcohols.These compounds are poorly or not soluble in water, good - in organic solvents.The boiling point is much higher than in the corresponding scene.The absorption band in the ultraviolet and infrared spectra similar to aliphatic alcohols.
chemical properties of aromatic alcohols
These compounds have the same chemical properties as the aliphatic alcohols.They form alkoxides, ethers and esters, halogenated side chain, and when the oxidation - ketones, aldehydes, and aromatic acids.Moreover, these alcohols may exhibit properties arenes.For example, they may react benzenovogo core - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, hydrogenation, etc.
Benzyl alcohol - solid, very soluble in ethanol, poorly - in water, melts at 15,3 ° C, boils at 205.8 ° C.Receive it by alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride by reacting benzaldehyde with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide, of some essential oils and natural balms.Use as a fragrance odor lock, the solvent in the perfume industry.
beta-phenylethyl alcohol - solid melts at 27 ° C and boils at 222 ° C, soluble in ethanol.Included in the pink, clove essential oils.It used as a fragrance that has a smell of roses.Also, a substance commonly used in the perfume and food industries.
cinnamyl alcohol - solid which melts at 33 ° C, readily soluble in ethanol.It contained mainly in the form of ethers in essential oils, fragrant resins, balsams.Aromatic hyacinth-scented substance used in the perfume industry, and as raw materials for the synthesis of most of the odorous substances.
