In our time, in different countries there are different models of social policy.In today's Russia it is necessary to do much more to become a social state, not in words but in deeds, as it is written in the Constitution.The very first system of social protection of the population considered to be established in the 19th century German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's social security policy, which included the introduction of special programs for various social groups.Such a system was considered the corporate-conservative, as it was focused on the social differences.The rights of citizens depend on their social status.
In the current European countries, there are three models social policies that could be called conservative, US-British and social democratic.
In the first model, the state is responsible only for the issue of social benefits.Such a model followed in Germany, France, Austria and Belgium.In West Germany in 1946 it introduced the so-called "social market economy", whose idea was to create the conditions for self-realization of citizens in the economy.Social insurance funds funded by employers and employees, and are divided by type of activity.In this model
Another model, called the British or American-British - a system that allows the government to give citizens only the cost of living.
Benefits are paid to everyone who is at the subsistence level.It targeted social assistance to the poorest segments of the population.This model of social policy followed in England, the United States and Australia.
Finally, another model was implemented in the Kingdom of Sweden.This social-democratic model also called Scandinavian, as it operates in several Scandinavian countries - Norway, Finland and Denmark.The Scandinavian model of the degree of redistribution of income and expenditure is significantly higher compared to the previous two models.Representatives of different social groups have equal rights with respect to social security.In the Kingdom of Sweden the Social Democrats created a system that was based on a provision common to all living wage.In this model social policy a significant share of the costs borne by the state, mainly responsible for social support of the population of the country.A significant role in social policy (culture, health, education) given to municipalities.The main objectives of social policy developers "Swedish socialism" is called a 100% employment and income equality.Achieving these goals is carried through income redistribution through tax policies,
to Russia, probably would be the most interesting Scandinavian option, since in our country the experience of social partnership is relatively small, and the trade unions is still quite weak.Social Democratic version of the welfare state would allow to reach a compromise between the government, labor and capital.The early introduction of the tax system progressive scale, as in the Nordic model, contributed to the implementation of social justice in Russia.This paternalistic model of social policy would be interesting to most Russians.However, to come to a policy of social responsibility in Russia is unlikely to be possible until the neoliberal installation will not be directed toward social solidarity and social partnership.
