free economic zone - it is a relative term.Today, there are about thirty interpretations of this definition.All terms, however, applies the concept of preferential or duty-free import and export of goods in the area, some of isolation from other parts of the country in the monetary, commercial and economic relations.Also indicate a close relationship with the global market system.
Free economic zones (SEZ) are considered to be an important institution in the world economy, a special form of international integration.
Preferential conditions for entrepreneurs (domestic and foreign) contribute to the development of industry and investment capital.
Free economic zones can be classified according to their characteristics.This allows you to form a subsequent typing them in accordance with the essential characteristics.
Free economic zones are considered with regard to the organization of the forms of economic activity, used mainly in the territory of one or the other.The division is also possible in accordance with the distribution of productive forces in the national territory.Free economic zones may be considered, taking into account the relations of distribution and production of additional and necessary product produced directly on one or another territory.The classification is also possible in accordance with the ability to expand distribution and established boundaries separate areas on other areas, industry or related to it (with the area).
formation of free (special) economic zone is considered to be very effective in the direction of the development of the economic structure of a particular region or territory.As a rule, this area is focused on the solution of certain priority tasks, the embodiment of the strategic projects and programs.At the same time, preferential system, which is installed on the free trade area should be individualized to the fullest.An important condition is the close relationship of this system with the ongoing projects and programs.
Today, special economic areas (zones) are taking an integral part of the status of the world economy.
There are many varieties of these areas.In accordance with the tasks, BMS can focus on the expansion of exports, stimulating production for the domestic market, including for the purpose of import substitution.Furthermore, in these areas may be the introduction and development of new developments.In view of the tasks assigned to the free economic zone, experts allocate trade, complex, industrial area as well as the territory of technology-innovative type and other types.
Today, such areas exist in more than one hundred and twenty countries around the world.These areas are largely stimulate the growth of employment of citizens, increase in export production.According to experts, by 2020, the BMS will fall from twenty to twenty-five per cent of all world trade.This suggests that the role of these areas is growing constantly.
goal of creating special economic zones varied.They are created to attract investment, to enhance the competitiveness of certain production (production), export development, enhance innovation activities in national enterprises.
existing free economic zones in Russia contribute to making comprehensive improvements in regulatory, administrative, legislative sphere.On the territory of the country spread almost all types of SEZ: port, technology development, and tourism and recreation, industrial production and others.
