Time fetal development is designed by nature very precisely 280 days, or 40 weeks.But a child born in the 39th or 38th week of pregnancy, body weight and general condition is usually not significantly different from children born on time: whether these were his individual growth rates, or - and this is more likely - termthe beginning of pregnancy was set inaccurately.
considered preterm infants born at 29-37 weeks of gestation, and having a body weight less than 2,500 grams and an increase of less than 45 centimeters.Such a baby is bound to have signs of immaturity.They are expressed more strongly than less - weight and longer prematurely.
a healthy full-term baby to cry the first well to straighten out the lungs and remain in the expanded state.Premature they finish with difficulty, or disposing of, again subsides.His breathing is shallow, superficial, not able to deliver enough oxygen to the body.Besides boundary poorly ventilated lung units, which predisposes to the development of respiratory disorders, and pneumonias.
is missing from a premature baby and enzymes that promote digestion.The development of the gastrointestinal tract is not yet completed, the flow of food from the esophagus into the stomach and the intestines from the stomach badly governed.Therefore eaten baby milk can spill or splash out of his mouth, like vomiting, even with light pressure on the abdomen.
umbilical ring in preterm generally expanded, they often form the umbilical hernia, and much discrepancy recti.
the first 1-1.5 months premature babies are sleepy, sluggish, a little lively, tired quickly.They often, especially when crying, appears blue around the mouth, and all the skin has a marble pattern, growing at the time of cooling.
about the 2nd month of life the child becomes more active, but in most cases, enhanced muscle tension legs and arms.Fingers almost always clenched in a fist and straightened with difficulty, the thumb is not given.And, if not specifically deal with a baby, it can be stored for a long time.
immaturity of the nervous system affects behavior: premature baby to sleep can be a long time, the clock did not sleep and cry a lot;He flinches, reacts jerky movements and a sharp cry of the inclusion of a bright light, the sound of a loud conversation.
In the first months of life in preterm infants is minimal resistance to diseases they are predisposed to intestinal and respiratory infections, otitis media.But placing these (and far from all!) "Aggravating circumstances" still finished a brief description of the features of a premature baby on a positive note: Now thanks to the success of clinical medicine and medical equipment able to maintain life even children born in a state of deep premature,weighing less than a kilogram.Immediately after birth, they are placed in specialized departments of children's hospitals and discharged home only when their body weight up to 2000-2300 grams and they are no longer in need of hospital treatment.
How to help your child get stronger?
Here "is a big" but in reality, this tiny baby home.Arms and legs he is still very thin, relatively large head, slightly swollen belly and breasts, on the contrary, the fuse.You stared at him, and it seems that the expression of his face more "adult" than full-term babies, and a little pained.That's because he has no fat, creating an elastic roundness of childhood cheeks.That the child will become stronger, it is necessary to ensure breastfeeding.
But the trouble - a mother's milk is, and it does not take the breast, because I'm used to the way, how long fed him in the hospital - first through a tube, is introduced directly into the stomach, and later - from a bottle.With this habit will have to be counted, and if a child persistently refuses the breast, express milk and immediately offer it from a bottle.
rigid feeding schedule, slave clockwise, not for these children.They are still too weak to suck a lot at once, and the need for energy materials, to put it simply, food is high.In the first four months of the child's daily diet should be 1/6 of his body weight.You have to feed the baby, based on its needs and capacities, three, and sometimes in 2-2.5 hours, that is adhering to the free mode.
3-4 weeks, even during breastfeeding, and even more so when feeding with formula milk should be added to food protein, the basic building material for new cells.The source of the protein can be cheese or a special protein mixture - it prescribed by a doctor.Other
your concern - to create a baby comfortable temperature conditions.After all, his own temperature-control mechanisms are immature, and it is easily cooled and overheating.
signs of cooling: paleness, unusual breathing, cold skin, and a measuring temperature in the rectum 34-35 °.
Signs of overheating: red face, hot skin, rapid shallow breathing, the temperature in the rectum above 37,5 °.
If you notice that at the time of changing a child chilly, put some distance from the changing table reflector, so that the heat was even and not too strong;wrap the baby in a diaper warmed.
wrapped his extra quilt, woolen shawls makes no sense - it is better to use two heaters to warm water (40-50 °).They put on the sides or in the legs, at a distance of 8-10 centimeters from the baby wrapped in swaddling clothes, and cover the top with him a blanket.
Such active rewarming is usually required only weak children, slowly gaining weight and retain heat poorly.If you do not see your baby's signs of cooling is sufficient at room temperature 20-22 ° in the first months of his turn with "handles", covered with a blanket.Caps, scarves, do not wear - when the body is warmed enough, the head is not chilly.
Fresh air premature baby needs nothing less, and even more than the full term.Keep in mind several times a day to ventilate the room!In summer you can bring the child to the first short walk immediately after discharge, and 5-7 days to bring its duration up to 1.5 hours.In nice warm weather, you can walk and more.But do not put the wheelchair in the sun - toddler easily overheat!
winter, starts to walk, when the child reaches the weight 2800-3000 grams, while the air temperature is not below minus 8-10 °.And, of course, at first no more than 15 minutes, and then for an hour 2-3 times a day.
to the child quickly grew stronger, with him it is necessary specifically to exercise.Pediatric clinic will assign him a gym and massage and escort him to be in the children's clinic or at home.Keep an eye on how it's done, try to learn some simple techniques to the most 1-2 times a day to make your child a massage and gymnastics.Babies with high -Voltage muscle exercises shown in the water.
Exercising in water
Such exercises should be carried out as follows: Daddy holds the baby in their serried forearms and palms so that it is lying on his back, was all but the head submerged in water, and my mother at this time making him exercise: decompress his fists and puts thumbs, making them light circular movements in one and the other hand rotates the brush extends the arm at the elbow, tapping the tips of his fingers, toes bent extends the child unbends-bends his knees, raises and lowers the rectifiedlegs, holding at this time the knee joints, so that your knees are not bent, brings hip, grabbing bent knees legs of the child.
Each exercise can be repeated 8-10 times.And, of course, have to do exercises with a doctor's permission.As a rule, it is useful for most children, and if engaged in every day, systematically (combining with a dip), it gives a good effect.The bath should be warm - not below 37 °, and the treatment time no more than 8-10 minutes.
When he catches up with a full-term?
This question from day care parents.And we can say with confidence: the more attention will be paid to the child, the more likely it will catch up with their peers born at term.
premature infants characterized by more rapid physical development than full-term, and fewer were birth weight, the faster it increases.For example, if a full-term baby weight usually doubles over the original to 4-5 months, premature weighing 2000-2500 grams - for 3-3.5 months, weighing 1000-1500 - to 2.53 months and weighing 800-1000 grams - by the end of the 2nd month.
However, neuro-psychological development of premature babies is slower and delayed by about 3-4 months.It also depends on the initial body weight, and on whether the child was born prematurely only, or also still sick.
Slower overtake their peers children whose mothers suffer from chronic diseases or suffered toxemia of pregnancy, obstructed labor.In these cases, a slowdown of growth and development is not only due to immaturity, but also a direct influence on the nervous system of the child of oxygen starvation, toxicity and other adverse factors.So this kid the more attention and help needed.
dependence of mental development of the child on the degree of prematurity is particularly noticeable in the first six months and then become increasingly important conditions of education.If you engage with the child, approximately one and a half years, he catches up with their peers born at term, sometimes even behind only in the formation of fine movements of the hands.
Carefully caring for a child, do not turn it into a hothouse flower.As shown by observations of experts, pamper education often contributes to lag neuropsychological development.
Parents do not always determine whether the child consequence of prematurity, or is it a manifestation of the disease requiring therapeutic measures.Therefore, a premature baby should be at least one year under the supervision of a neurologist.Try not to let the baby developing anemia.His blood counts are advisable to check on a monthly basis;especially important to do a blood test in 2-3 months since the anemia in premature infants usually begins at this age.
Protivorahitichesky vitamin D premature babies are usually given at the end of the first month of life, and we must carefully observe its dosage and duration of the course;just gently let your doctor prescribed iron supplements.After all, has protected from rickets and anemia, you hereby make the baby more stable against other diseases.
Articles Source: mamam-papam.ru
