Roman numeral system was common in Europe in the Middle Ages, however, due to the fact that it was inconvenient to use, today it is almost never used.She pushed a simple Arabic numerals that made arithmetic is much more simple and easy.
The basis of the system are taken in the Roman powers of ten, and their half.In the past, a person did not need to write large numbers and long, so a set of basic figures originally ended in a thousand.The numbers are written from left to right, and their sum and represents a specified number.
The main difference lies in the fact that the Roman numeral system is nonpositional.This means that the arrangement of the figures in the record number is not an indication of its importance.The Roman numeral "1" is written as «I».Now we put the two pieces together and look at their meaning: «II» - this is exactly the Roman numeral 2, while "11" is written in the Roman-on-year as the «XI».In addition to other basic unit figures in it are considered to be five, ten, fifty, one hundred, five hundred and one thousand, respectively, which are indicated by V, X, L, C, D and M.
In the decimal system we use today, including1756 The first number refers to the number of thousands, the second - the hundreds of third - tens, and the fourth is the number of units.Therefore, it is called positional system and its calculations are carried out using the addition of the corresponding bits to each other.The Roman numeral system is arranged quite differently: it has the value of whole numbers does not depend on its order in the record number.For example, to translate the number 168 is necessary to consider that all of it derived from the basic characters: if the digit to the left more than the right numbers, these numbers are taken away, in another case - fold.Thus, 168 is written as it CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8).As you can see, the Roman numeral system offers quite cumbersome record numbers, which makes it very inconvenient addition and subtraction of large numbers, not to mention the conduct of their operations, division and multiplication.The Roman system has one major drawback, namely the absence of zero.Therefore, in our time it is used exclusively to refer to chapters in books, numbering centuries, commemorative dates, where there is no need for implementing arithmetic operations.
In everyday life much easier to use the decimal system, the value of numbers which corresponds to the number of angles in each of them.She first appeared in the VI century in India, and the characters in it permanently anchored only to the XVI century.In Europe, the Indian figures, called the Arab penetrated through the work of the famous mathematician Fibonacci.To separate the decimal system in Arabic is a comma or a point.But in computers is most often used binary system, which spread in Europe thanks to the work of Leibniz, which is due to the fact that the computer hardware used triggers that may be only two working positions.
