Podzolic soils of Russia are among the most common in the middle lane.They are considered, and the most infertile.These soils are structureless, characterized by high acidity and the presence of the podzolic horizon.Often they are formed under the canopy of coniferous forests.
In the middle belt of the country are also common and sod soils.They are formed under the influence of herbaceous vegetation.Among the features of sod soils emit high humus content, practical or partial absence of podzol, lumpy-granular structure.As a rule, they are highly fertile.
Sod-podzolic soils are the main non-chernozem zone in the country.They include the upper and lower podzolic sod layer.These soils have low fertility, low (from 0.5 to 2.5%) humus content and acidic (pH 4-5) soil solution.In addition, the humus horizon has a small capacity (ten to twenty centimeters).
As a rule, the sod-podzolic soils are humus-rich top layer.At the same time in the carbonate rocks of the wet processes of decomposition of plants and turning them into humus proceed much faster.
sod-podzolic soils are extremely low in nitrogen and phosphorus (in the form, which is absorbed by plants).On soils with different light composition (sandy loam and sand), there is a lack of potassium.
All sod-podzolic soils contain very little iodine, zinc, and copper.With this they differ excess manganese.To improve the fertility of the land is necessary to regulate water-air regime, particularly in the areas of excessive moisture.The fertile layer is increased by land application of organic fertilizers.Acidity reduces using liming.
sod-podzolic soil type is distributed mainly in the northern half of the non-chernozem zone.Their formation is not a forest, but mainly in the meadows.In these areas as a result of the withering away of grasses occurs on the surface of many years of herbal felt, and are thicker root residues.It often occurs interweaving with the upper part of the roots of plants.This results in a single layer.It features a large number of plant residues.
for sod-podzolic soil characteristic is the presence of a whitish layer.Its structure resembles the color and ash from the furnace.The thickness of the layer of soil slabopodzolistyh few centimeters, but the thickness of the soil itself - about twenty to twenty-five centimeters.In this regard, such lands do not need radical improvement.Contact
situation strongly podzolic soils.The use of such land is only possible after work to improve them.In addition to low levels of nutrients, lack noncapillary porosity, as well as adverse water-air regime, at a shallow depth (about thirty to forty centimeters) may lie fatty clay, and under it - a thin but solid and tight, "flagstone", consisting mainly ofiron oxides.In this regard, sod-podzolic soils should be dug to a depth of not less than forty - forty-five centimeters or pull up very wide pit no less than fifty centimeters deep.
Due to the fact that a part of dead plants remains deep in the earth, where the difficult access of air and subsequent bacterial decomposition of organic matter penetration into deeper deposited layers takes place only partially.In the process of digestion formed humic acids, which are moving (as a result of certain chemical reactions) in humins and subsequently take part in the formation of humus and fresh Komkova structure of topsoil.
