The basis of this classification of languages on the principle of their historical relationship, that is the initial ascent of a group of languages in general, the root language.It is not always possible to establish the language-grandparent, but, nevertheless, clearly traceable gives linguists strongly suggest its existence in the distant past.In order to search for similar items in different languages, is traditionally used comparative-historical method - exactly on the data obtained with it, and is based traditional genealogical classification of languages.
As clearly expressed the historical kinship, or historical similarities languages usually divided into a few fairly large groups, called in linguistics families.All languages inside the same family, have some similarities in the structure of words, especially pronouncing sounds, or the rules of word formation.Not always these relationships visible at a glance - sometimes it takes an enormous hard work, which will help to identify the distant relatives of those or other languages.But, nevertheless, the traditional linguistics, agreeing with the fundamental idea that some of the languages have common roots, easily finds similarities in their structure and characteristics.
Genealogical classification of languages in the world today involves not only the division into language families - within each family, there are other degree of kinship of languages, which are allocated on the basis of the group.It is worth noting that the languages of different families have no similarity, and it allows you to speak with confidence about the different nature of their origin.The presence of some similar aspects caused by the historical borrowing of words and word forms, only confirms the dissociation of different language families.
Within each family genealogical classification of languages implies a selection of multiple branches (groups), languages which have among themselves much more in common than with other family members.This may be due later in the language processes of a territory, cause fragmentation of the language for a few similar groups, or increasing isolation of one or another nation as a result of historical, natural disasters or war.
often linguistic subgroups within the genealogical classification of languages and identifies the languages with the most close ties - they are commonly referred to as subgroups.A striking example of such a classification has traditionally been considered division of Slavic languages belonging to the Indo-European family, East Slavic, West Slavic and South Slavic subgroup.
In some cases, the lack of historical knowledge and the disappearance of some nations leads to a number of specific difficulties.For some languages, despite the long period of study, it can not be attributed to one or another language family, because they have no pronounced similarity with other members.Genealogical classification of languages usually calls such case, the language "is the classification."
But it is worth noting that the data obtained by linguists during the study of a particular family, should not be considered static.Very often, new information or finding previously unknown texts written in a particular language, forced to revise the traditional classification, and again exposing the analysis of the facts that were previously considered already installed.
Therefore, even while standing outside of any family of languages may well be in a few years as a result of new information, be attributed to the already known family or serve as a basis for the development of the new classification.
