Platelets are one of the main components of human blood.Experts recommend to maintain their normal level, or increase the risk of fatal diseases.That is why it is so important to know what function is performed by the platelets.
Concepts
Platelets are rounded elements of the blood that are involved in normalizing hemostasis.By microscopic structure of the cell, do not have a nucleus.Their diameter is about 3 microns.They are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.In the bloodstream, these elements reside from 5 to 11 days.Then destroyed in the spleen and liver.
At rest, the platelets are in the form of a rounded disk.At the time of activation, they swell and become similar to a sphere.Since the main function of platelets in the blood are reduced to the protection of vessels, with the cuts they form specific outgrowths called pseudopodia.With these protrusions calf attached to each other, that is carried forward to the aggregation.Then, the cells adhere to the damaged portion of the vessel.This ability is called adhesion.It is noteworthy that platelets in the blood are able to throw mineral tens of microcomponents, such as enzymes, serotonin, ADP, fibrinogen and others.This distinguishes them from other red blood cells.
main function of platelets
As is known, these blood cells are actively involved in the clotting process, ie hemostasis.This is the main function of platelets.For the human body, this process is one of the primary.It prevents significant blood loss during a serious injury.
With this feature of human platelets, vascular walls are stronger.Taurus short time clog the injury.In fact, these blood cells play a primary role plug receptacles.Collapsing takes place by the interaction of enzymes, proteins and about 40-components.This is a very complex biological mechanism in which the main role played by platelets, prothrombin and fibrinogen.The interaction of these elements occurs in plasma.
Auxiliary platelet function
addition to protective properties, in these red plates, there are another useful ability.It consists in the power of human endothelial vascular system.With this function, platelet vessels receive vital micronutrients that contribute to the normalization of the flow of red blood cells and the general operation of the internal organs.From this property it depends largely on the degree of protection of the body (immune system).Also
blood components are actively involved in regeneration, i.e. in tissue healing following injury.This effect is achieved by the accelerated process and the release of fission vessels.In other words, the function of platelets clogging portion likely damage.Moreover, they contribute to the accelerated growth of the affected cells.Under this process, we understood the division of polypeptide molekul.Vo during platelet activation occurs and the growth of fibroblasts.Also at this moment produced microcomponents responsible for cell transformation and restore insulin levels.
Performance standards
The man platelets should always be accepted limits.In general, the analysis gives the values of 1 liter of blood.Specificity record looks like this: h109 / l.Normally, the adult human platelet count is in the range from 200 to 400 units.Adolescents 15 to 18 years, these figures - 180-420.Children up to 15 years the level of cells varies from 150 to 450 units.Newborn minimum threshold is 100 and the maximum - 400.
It is worth noting that the female limits of platelets may be slightly below the above standards.It depends on the physiological characteristics and hormone levels.Furthermore, at the time of menstruation minimum threshold platelets falls sharply due to loss of blood.A similar situation is observed in pregnant women, when the level of regenerative cells may be reduced at times.This is due to an increase in fluid volume in the blood.Therefore, when analyzing the observed decrease in the number of microcomponents.It is important to understand that the numerical indices of platelets - that's not the point.The results of the analysis in any case it is necessary to consult a doctor to perform additional studies to determine the effectiveness of their action.This procedure is called coagulation.
Deviations and their causes
If the blood test showed that the body's lack or overabundance of platelets is an urgent need to pass additional medical examination.This is the first warning sign that signals the development of a serious illness.
Since platelets are essential for blood and vital, any deviation from the norm impact on overall health.Reducing the number of cells increases the risk of a long healing even with minimal damage.In other words, blood clotting are minimized.At higher levels of protective functions are activated platelets.In this case, the receptacles will be formed large compound violated bloodstream.As a result, the risk of developing blood clots.The sharp deviation from the medical standards may indicate an early stage of cancer.
To prevent and maintain the level of platelet doctors recommend proper nutrition.The diet is always plenty to be vitamin B12 and folic acid.
Reduced functionality platelet
This condition occurs when a significant decrease in the number of regenerating cells in the blood.As a result of the decline of the internal organs become vulnerable to infections.This adversely affects primarily the liver and thyroid zhelezu.Prichinami reduce the number of platelets and their functionality can be diseases such as measles, leukemia, measles.The worst of these is cancer.Furthermore, lowering observed in patients undergoing chemotherapy, and an overdose of aspirin and dehydration.Some powerful antibiotics can adversely affect the growth of blood cells.
Reducing platelet necessarily require treatment.The first doctor will prescribe pharmacological agents.And in the second place are diet and prevention of herbs.Traditional methods are powerless, and delaying treatment can lead to inevitable consequences.It is important at the time not to take preventive blood thinners, such as analgesics, "Aspirin," sulfa group.
overabundance of platelets
Increased regenerative cells speaks about cancer.Furthermore, it affects the auxiliary functions of platelets.Oversupply of cells is also possible during sepsis or after surgery to remove the spleen.Individual cases can be severe internal bleeding.
The rapid increase of platelets in the blood vessels are formed emboloobrazovaniya.This problem requires an immediate solution.It should be noted that self-will no results.There will only pharmacological therapy.Of the most common drugs can distinguish "pirabutol" and "Aspirin".It is also important to avoid any overloading of the body.
probability of disease
By lowering the level of platelets high risk of aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Gaucher tsitopenichesky purpura.
By increasing the number of red blood plates there is the possibility of dengue fever and hemolytic syndrome.But first of all it should be checked for cancer.
defective platelet function aggregation and adhesion results in Bernard-Soulier syndrome, von Willebrand Pudlaka, Scott.
Upon failure of metabolism of red cells observed atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and arterial, malaria, asthma, cancer.
