form of government - is it the structure of the national administrative and territorial features that characterize the relationship between the components of the country and its local authorities.It determines the internal structure of the state, the legal status of its components, the relationship between central and local authorities.
Allocate federal, confederation and unitary form of government.
The first is based on the political formations which have a certain area of the state independence.Russia, Mexico - federal states.Most often, countries with this form of gosustroystva have a large territory and population.
The second form is a union of states with no political centralization.As a rule, there is no single constitution, there is no general government and power.Formed Confederation in political, economic or military purposes.Confederations, for example, are Switzerland, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
A unitary state - a form gosustroystva, which is characterized by the division of the country into administrative-territorial units that do not have signs of national sovereignty, subordinate to the central authorities.These countries are: Italy, France, Belarus, and so on. D. Modern bourgeois countries for the most part have exactly this form.Moreover, it is inherent in some of the subjects of a federal state (for example, the constituent of the Russian Federation).
unitary state has a number of features:
- single constitution;
- components of government (county, region, departments) do not have gossuverenitetom;
- one constituent power;
- common system of law;
- single monetary system, credit and tax policies;
- one nationality;
- unified supreme bodies of state power and the armed forces;
- external public relations carried out by the central authorities;
- for small nations may be legal and national autonomy.
Classification
unitary state can be centralized or decentralized.In the first case, the central bodies of state power of administrative-territorial units are appointed officials to manage (eg, Turkmenistan), and the second - elected local (Kingdom of Spain).The most common relatively decentralized state, in which the function and the board elected by citizens, and the designated official (Turkish Republic).
unitary state is simple, which is characterized by only administrative-territorial division (Belarus, Poland and so on. D.), And complicated - when it includes are political autonomy and colonies (France, Italy, UK).
autonomous competence enshrined in the constitution or a special law.They are divided into: corporate, personal and territorial.Some autonomy arising from the language community, the second - in the fragmented ethnic groups, and others - in a compact of their resettlement.Authority in terms of the powers are divided into administrative and political.At last there are some signs of statehood.
unitary state can be one of autonomy (for example, Ukraine, which is an autonomous republic of Crimea), many (Spain) and with different levels (China with its member autonomous districts, counties and districts).
When any form of government intervention is allowed if the organs of autonomy is not satisfied constitution.There are countries in which to create autonomous entities prohibited (for example, Bulgaria).
