number and reproduction of the population are among the main indicators of the level of public life.These concepts reflect the degree of renewal of generations.Reproduction of the population is usually regarded as a combination of three types of population movement: spatial, natural and social.
considering a process such as the renewal of generations, we should note its great importance in the development of society.According to many authors, the reproduction of the population is a separate sphere of social reality.As a relatively independent process, renewal of generations is experiencing a serious impact other aspects of social life.Along with this reproduction of the population has a significant impact on other aspects of life.As a result of this interaction formed the objective requirements for all processes associated with the life of society.
Reproduction of the population is considered to be a probability phenomenon.It forms a mass of single and random accidents - deaths and births.Persistence population provides for the preservation of basic conditions in which the interaction with the environment.It is possible, according to experts, with a certain regularity, not chaotic demographic flow.This, in turn, is the result of ongoing demographic system management processes.They (processes) are characteristic for the natural environment.Thanks to them, reached the persistence of populations of animals and plants, as well as the relative stability of the population.
After the emergence of human society in the management processes in reproducing populations of qualitative changes.Since then, the biological mechanisms of social regulation of reproduction replaced.Building Sustainable public attitudes to conservation and the production of human life provoke reproduction as a socially determinate process.Of course, this does not mean that vanished specific demographic, biological objective constraints under which the system of social regulation resumption populations.
quantitative measure of population reproduction mode combines fertility rate, reflected in the corresponding function f (x) and mortality reflected in the survival function l (x).X in these functions - age.A generalized expression of these functions is the gross ratio (R) of reproduction, as well as the average life expectancy e0.In this case it is allowed a certain simplification is due to the fact that the indices f (x) l (x) is uniquely defined and R e0, wherein there is no return to-one correspondence.
mode of reproduction f (x) and l (x) are exogenous parameters.These figures clearly form the endogenous parameters: C (x) (the age structure of the population), and the measure of increasing the number - the net rate of R0, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase r.These two indicators describe some changes in relation to the different time units.In the first case the length of the generation of T, and the second - the usual measure calendar time (usually a year).Thus, a ratio r = lnR0 / T.
should be pointed out that in Russia marked expressed ethnic and regional differences in the reproduction of the population.
reproduction of the population of Russia in the second half of the 19th century was characterized by high fertility and mortality.In the prewar period, fertility rates began to decline rapidly in the industrialized regions.
