diabetes, AIDS and cancer are a group of the most dangerous diseases in the world, and worst of all, have a tendency to spread.Of the three it is given the least dangerous disease is diabetes.
reveal diabetes, especially Type I, is relatively easy.If you have first appeared dry mouth and tormented by thirst during the day, then you first need to take a blood test.Explanation of "sugar - the norm" means your glucose is between 3,3-5,5 mmol / l, and the reason why such a state - is somewhat different.
Types of diabetes and the difference between them
There are 2 types of diabetes.They have similar symptoms, but for them to use a different method of treatment, which must understand each diabetic.
Type I diabetes develops when the insufficient or even completely lacking insulin in the blood.This hormone is released β-pancreatic cells (islets of Langerhans) and ensures the entry of glucose (sugar) in the blood into cells.If it is not enough or no, the sugar that comes from food, can not completely be absorbed by cells and circulates in excess of that eventually lead to serious complications.This type of diabetes develops mainly in young adults and children.Its causes are many, but the most important are the viral infection, genetic predisposition and autoimmune pathology.
Type II diabetes develops when insulin is sufficient, but the cells did not perceive.It develops so-called insulin resistance.The problem of hidden surface of the cell membrane where the specific protein - glucose transporter in a cell.If this component does not respond to insulin, it can not move sugar in full.
Rates blood tests in adults and measure glucose
sugar level - relatively constant.He bit varies according to the different states of the body, but most often kept at the same level.Often we hear our friend or neighbor who recently had diabetes, complains, they say, his blood sugar is 10, what to do - he does not know.This happens for the reason that people do not fully understand the mechanism of regulation of sugar levels throughout the day.
As for the child and for an adult is considered to be a normal blood sugar level of 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / L.Some laboratories indicate the rate from 4.4 to 6.6, which is associated with the use of a different measurement method (method of Hagedorn - Jensen).Therefore, the sugar in the blood 6 is a variant of the norm.Most foreign clinics unit of this indicator is slightly different - it is mg / dL.Therefore, it should be noted that 1 mmol have 18 mg / dL certain substances to decipher the rules of blood tests in adults.
Increased sugar in the blood after the stress and nervous strain, with hormonal disorders and consumption of large amounts of high-calorie food.The mechanism of this reaction is quite simple.Stress causes the release of stress hormones in the blood, of which the most important is cortisol.The latter refers to substances that raise the blood glucose to protect the central nervous system of heavy loads, which is incorporated by evolution.Hormonal disorders are often observed in patients with endocrine profile.In this case we are interested in an increased level of the so-called contrainsular hormones, which include the majority of them: adrenaline, cortisol, thyroxine, glucagon, testosterone and others.These compounds in their synthesis provoke excessive rise in blood glucose.High-calorie food contains a large amount of carbohydrates that are broken down in the gastrointestinal tract to simpler compounds, and further - to glucose.It is in excess enters the bloodstream, which predetermines the development of hyperglycemia.
Reducing sugar levels is usually observed after fasting and with an excess of insulin in the blood.Limited consumption of food and its low caloric value over time leads to weight loss and the need to use other compounds to maintain blood sugar levels.Excessive insulin may result in improper dosing or administration.Elevated hormone levels may indicate a tumor of the pancreas - the insula.
Hyperglycemia and its manifestations
condition of hyperglycemia should be understood as an increase in blood glucose.That is, when it exceeds the level of 5.5 or 6.6.The increase of glucose concentration can reach high numbers - up to 25 or more, which is very dangerous for the body and can be fatal.This is especially true of man, a diabetic, whose blood sugar is 12 or more can not cause any changes in health.
hyperglycemia condition often manifests itself at high rates.The patient feels a strong thirst and frequent urination, dry mouth occurs, unmotivated weakness and weight loss.Signs of blood sugar may occur in the form of a strange feeling crawling on the skin or as part of a fungal or infectious diseases to be treated for a long time.
Hypoglycemia and options of its manifestations
Reducing sugar to 3 mmol / l or lower is called hypoglycemia.For diabetics with experience even when the indicator on the meter 2.0 may not notice any changes in the general condition, which is associated with the adaptation of the body to the "sugar" fluctuations.
In general, the hypoglycemic state is more dangerous than a pinch of sugar.This risk is due to, firstly, the rapid dynamics of development and a high probability of loss of consciousness.When blood glucose begins to fall below their standard indicators, patients complain of hunger, disruption of the heart, irritability.
Norma glucose for diabetic
For patients living with diabetes to achieve indicators of sugar normal person rarely succeeds.Therefore, for these patients has limit boundary from 5 to 7.2 mmol per liter of glucose and 10 below - 2 hours after eating.If these numbers are held almost every day, then you most and minimize the risk of developing complications.
Most patients are interested in the question: how to behave when blood sugar - 10. What most qualified doctor will tell, but the years of living with the disease, you learn how to calculate the dose of insulin or tablets that are necessary to reduce the sugar.
concept of renal threshold
Kidneys are one of the biggest filter body.Kidney filter consists of several floors cells that ensure the necessary and removing out harmful organism compounds.Glucose is also a compound that has a certain threshold filtering.It is an average of 10 mmol / l.This means that if the patient noted glycemia 10.5 mmol and higher, can be found in the urine sugar traces.While in normal glucose urine test does not mark the emergence of the sugar.Therefore, do not worry too much, as the sugar in the blood - 10. What to do - he knows every experienced diabetic: enter the required dose of insulin or take a sugar-pill - 30 minutes glycemia decrease.
term "prediabetes"
type II diabetes is never a surprise.A long-term blood sugar stimulates the cells to adapt to high levels of glucose and insulin, which in a few years could trigger a classical picture of illness.This so-called transition and called prediabetes.From the standpoint of preventing such a period of time it is very important.Time to diagnose hyperglycemia can not only reduce the performance of sugar, but also prevent the development of future disease.
prediabetes diagnosis and the statutory rate for the diabetic
if you experience symptoms of hyperglycemia should immediately consult a doctor.In addition, it is important to monitor their own blood sugar, which is especially important for people who are over 40. It is necessary at least 1 time in six months a blood test for sugar, which is of great preventive value.
Quite often, patients say: "I have for the first time blood sugar - 10, what to do?"The response may give a glucose tolerance test.This analysis allows to define clearly have pre-diabetes or diabetes, has a classical picture.The test is carried out on an empty stomach.Patients are asked to drink a solution of sugar, which contains 75 glucose units.Measurements are both glucose before the test and 2 hours thereafter.Table sugar levels below indicates the results of decoding.
| index | to prediabetes to diabetes | |
| Sugar fasting | 5,5-7,1 | & gt; 7 |
| Sugar 2 hours | 7,8-11,0 | & gt; 11,0 |
for diabetics optimum level of sugar fluctuations during the day is between 5 and 7 mmol / L.For periodic check can take a blood test.Explanation of "sugar - the norm" is proof that you are properly control diabetes.
Diet
Clinical nutrition for both types of diabetes is a diet №9.It has specific requirements that can effectively reduce the blood sugar.Treatment pills or insulin in combination with a proper diet allows you to achieve good results.When the diet is necessary to exclude №9 carbohydrates that are easily digested, and eat enough fiber.Multiplicity of reception should be up to 5 times a day, and 50% fats from the daily diet should have a vegetable origin.Calculation of caloric intake should learn how to conduct each patient using the appropriate tables for food.
