enough for many important questions are: how a pension?What kinds of it exist, what does it consist?What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-governmental and public pension funds?
moral right to have a good rest every person, it means that the activity of the company is to provide for the rest of his life.And here we are not talking about what the company itself should provide citizen - this is done at the expense of the pension fund, in which the mandatory contributions.In Russia charging, formation and pensions in accordance with the Federal Law "On labor pensions in the Russian Federation."Analyzing how the pension is formed, it should be said that it can not only be mandatory.It can be supplemented by voluntary, that is, to use the savings placed in private pension funds.In mandatory retirement it has a number of species, namely: the labor pension on invalidity, old age, survivors'.The structure of the retirement pension consists of three parts: the base, the storage and insurance.
basic part of labor pension
organizations to implement the payment of public funds in the social security tax for the employees.Approximately half of the funds transferred to the pension fund.These listings are not registered, they do not serve as part of the funded contributions, so the Foundation funds are used to pay pensions to current retirees.These payments are the basic part of labor pension and are set according to the subsistence level, and the budget, as well as the rate of inflation growth.On the base part does not affect wage and seniority, it may pay to foreigners or stateless persons residing permanently in the Russian territory.
How is the pension: the insurance part
Unlike base, the insurance part of the pension is tied to a specific person, its size is determined by the ratio of accumulated contributions to the amount of the expected date of payment.Employer contributions made contributions to the pension fund in the amount of 8-14% of the taxable amount for each employee, and the tax amount includes not only wages but also other funds that have been spent now on the employee.
Funded pension
It is similar to calculate the insurance part, but instead indicates the amount of pension capital savings.For each individual, these savings are specified in a special part of the account.As distinctive features of the funded part can be called what it is placed on the different investment instruments.It can be transferred to various foundations for management and for investment in securities.Every working citizen has the opportunity to self-manage the funded part, you can opt to work with a specific fund, and transfer control to another company or a fund.
What are the benefits?Here everything is clear, the state pension fund - a cumbersome machine, so it takes time to make decisions on the allocation of funds and the decisions themselves are usually made towards guaranteed, but very low-income instruments.Non-government funds also differ in that they make decisions as quickly as possible, offering a large variety of strategies and portfolios for investment.NPF just started its activities.The legal framework in this case is not sufficiently developed, and funds are very young, but in the future they will form the basis of savings for retirement.
So now it becomes clear how a pension.
