tax on the income of individuals (or PIT) is a tax, the object of which is income residents and nonresidents of the Russian Federation.It should be recalled that Russian residents are persons, not less than half a year (183 days) in the territory of its country.Non-residents - individuals, which are sources of income in the country.
tax base for the calculation of personal income tax - any taxpayer's income (in cash and in kind) and revenues in the form of material benefit.Not included in the tax base of state benefits (excluding benefits on payment of hospital sheets), pensions, compensation, within certain limits and certain other types of income.
Such income is taxed at the minimum rate (13%).The value of the tax base during the reporting period (reporting period is the calendar year) could be reduced by a certain amount, known as a tax deduction.The list of deductions approved by the Tax Code.The condition of each individual deduction is documented taxpayer's right to deduct.This deduction has a well-defined code of deduction, reflected in the certificate form 2-PIT.The certificate each year at the end of the reporting period, supplied by the employer (tax agent) to tax authorities on every employee.If a taxpayer has income from several sources (from different tax agents), the tax deduction he can use only one of their own choosing.
Consider the main types of tax deductions.
Standard deductions available to certain categories of employees for each month, as well as parents to children.Standard Deduction (400 rubles), provide the employee not related to any preferential categories (deduction code 103), repealed in 2012.The deduction of 500 rubles a month put the Heroes of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation, participants of the Great Patriotic War, blockade, disabled groups 1 and 2 and some other categories.For the sum of 3000 rubles are eligible persons who have undergone radiation sickness at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the disabled and the Second World War hostilities, and others.
deduction for children available to parents until the month in which the total annual income exceeds the amount of 280,000 rubles.Deductions are available to all children from birth or adoption until the end of the year of execution of 18 years, and children-students (graduate students) Day Division - up to 24 years.
By 2011, the standard "childish" deduction was 1000 rubles for each of the children, children with disabilities or lone parents It provides twice the amount.Also, double deduction could take advantage of any of the parents, if the other refused such deduction.
Since 2011 the size of the "children" of residues have become dependent on the number of children in the family.Since 2012 the amount of the deduction for the first child (deduction code 114) and second (code 115) is 1400 rubles.On the third child deduction is increased to 3,000 rubles.For a disabled child (deduction code 117) is also provided 3,000 rubles.
right to property taxpayers have deductions when buying a home or new construction on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the amount of repayment of interest on mortgage lending.The size of the deduction is limited to a maximum amount 2000000 rubles, and the amount of mortgage interest.
Social deductions given to employees in the amount spent on training full-time (his or children under 24 years), as well as for the treatment of (their children, spouses, parents), subject to the provision of supporting documents.Social deductions for education and treatment have a limit of 120,000 rubles, expensive treatment deduction is granted for the full amount.
The professional deductions , the order of which is considered in 221 of the Tax Code, individual entrepreneurs can take advantage of (the sum of the costs incurred for the implementation of business activity).If such costs are impossible to document, the deduction taken the size of 20% of the amount received for the period income.
There are also deductions for amounts received from the employer gift or material assistance.For example, the deduction code 501 means deduct the total value of gifts received from organizations or employee SP.Code 502 - deduct the cash value of prizes received at competitions and contests.Code 503 deduction - a deduction for the amount of financial assistance, which was provided by the employer to its employees (or former employees upon retirement).
more information and a list of all deductions codes can be found in a special reference codes.
