«Buk M2" is a versatile anti-aircraft missile system, designed to protect ground targets and troops from air attacks, including defense against cruise missiles.SAM is known in the international indexing as the 9K317.According to the American classification complex designated SA-17 Grizzly or simply "Grizzly-17."
History
Originally conducted polemics about the development of the project only 9K37, but over time, military engineers have been offered more powerful versions.Their goal was to defeat up to 24 objects simultaneously.Project "Buk M2" (photo of the complex can be seen in this article) was launched.During the first year of development of Russian designers have achieved amazing results.The once invincible F-15 steel 9K317 easy target even at a distance of 40 km.Range defeat cruise missile increased to 26 km.
One of the main advantages of the complex was the time of deployment and shelling.The first figure was only 5 minutes, and the rate of fire - 4 seconds to 1 projectile at speeds of up to 1100 m / s.This complex was immediately adopted by the Soviet Union.However, since the early 1990s, extensive production was halted due to the difficult economic situation in the country after the collapse of the Soviet Union.In 2008, SAM joined the Russian air defense.
Development features
complex "Buk M2" is highly mobile and multi-functional medium-range air defense missile system with a defeat.It is intended for the destruction of strategic and combat aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, missiles and other aerodynamic devices).9K317 is able to resist the enemy forces, even with continuous fire attack.
main developer of the shock machine is a well-known designer of the Research Institute of Instrument E. Pigin.Under his leadership, SAM was an independent project implementation.Earlier development of the complex was intended to partially replace unsuitable for the use of mobile air defense systems "Cube".The fundamental difference from the "Buk M1" was the introduction of the new universal BC missile 9M317.
long time model M2 remained without modification.And only in 2008, the complex has undergone improvements.Gradually began to appear export variation with the letter "E" at the end of the codification.
Performance characteristics
total combat weight of the machine is 35.5 tons.This crew is limited to only 3 people.The complex is lined with bulletproof armor.By TTX "Buk M2" primarily different engine power, which is 710 hpThis gives the ability to move at speeds up to 45 km / h cross country.The transport part is wheeled or tracked chassis.
Surprise the "Beech M2" characteristics of combat equipment.SAM can fire as under control operators as well as autonomously.In turn, the command post for a few seconds processing data on air situation while 50 goals.Detection and identification of produced special stations SOC, RPN and SDA.
When fully loaded SAM provides a one-time shelling of 24 aircrafts at altitudes ranging from 150 m to 25 km.Range hit targets at a speed of 830 m / s up to 40 km at 300 m / s - 50 km.Ballistic and cruise missiles can easily be neutralized at a distance of up to 20 000m.
One of the advantages of the complex is a shock accuracy.Probability of hitting aircraft is 95%, and missiles - 80% of light helicopters - 40%.There SAM and reaction time - only 10 seconds.From defensive means can distinguish spray curtains, laser sensors and radiation shields.
Communication between stations is provided via a two-wire SAM lines or radio signals.
Features engage targets
SAM "Buk M2" is able to neutralize the enemy flying objects moving at speeds up to 830 m / s.However, according to experts, the best indicator of injury is most likely to 420 m / s.With regard to the minimum speed threshold, it varies between 48-50 m / s.The upgraded model of the complex year 2008 integrated drum kit, capable of destroying ballistic missiles flying at speeds of up to 1200 m / s.
important characteristic of an attack is to identify the enemy.So "Buk M2" may determine the reflective surfaces of aircraft ranging from 2 square meters.m., missile - 0.05 sq.m.
during maneuvers SAM is able to attack 10 wind units.
Combat & Tactical means
The configuration database is a command post 3S510 station guidance and target acquisition codification 9S18M1-3, from 4 to 6 upgraded guidance and illumination radar 9S36, up to 6 self-propelled drum kits 9A317, 6 or 12 start-zaryadnyh systems 9A316.Special attention is awarded a series of surface-to-air missile 9M317.
The "Buk M2" provides the possibility of using percussion sections on the basis of the JMA, the ROM and the tap changer.They provide a one-time shelling of 4 units with a height of 20 m of relief. In the basic configuration and export SAM 2 is such section in the upgraded version - 4.
Change position based requires no more than 20 seconds.At this time, each of the sections of readiness varies from 5 to 15 minutes.
Firepower
9M317 missile is the most formidable weapon SAM "Buk M2".Range defeat missiles is 50 km away.This missile is capable of destroying the target, hovering in the air at an altitude of 25 km.The installation of the integrated inertial system with a semi-active radar control GOS version 9E420.The missile itself has a mass of 715 kg.The flight speed of 1230 m / s.Wingspan reaches 0.86 m. The explosion covers a radius of 17 m.
The complex includes installation and caterpillar 9A317.It allows early detection, to identify and to monitor the air target.After the analysis of the type of aircraft 9A317 produces a solution of the lesion and performs rocket launch.During the flight, the installation provides not only transmit commands warhead, but also evaluates the results of the pre-attack.Fire can be carried out autonomously in a given sector or as part of SAM after specifying the target from the command post.
station radar installation 9A317 a phased array antenna with the possibility of electron beam scanning.This allows to detect targets at a distance of 20 km from the maneuver angle to 70 degrees.At the same time the station is able to scan 10 sites.Bombardment may be conducted on the 4 highest priority targets.Also, the optical system unit is equipped with a television and a matrix of channels.This allows you to monitor the airspace under any climatic conditions and radio interference.Machine weight is 35 tons.In a combat set - 4 rocket.
Start-charging system 9A316 based on tracked chassis.During transport, it is towed on a wheeled trailer.Its weight is 38 tons.The package includes 8 missile launchers.The system is integrated semi-automatic device.
Operator Control
SAM is fundamental to the command post codification 9S510.It is based on tracked chassis series GM597.Transportation over long distances carried KrAZ tractor wheeled trailer.KP serves up to 60 units of directions.Max study purposes - to 36. The composition of paragraph 6 includes a control section, the reaction time which varies between 2 seconds.9S510 weight is 30 tonnes when fully equipped.The crew consists of 6 persons.
Radar 9S36 features rising to a height of 22 m antenna assembly that provides the location and identification purposes even in a wooded area.Radar is based on an electronic scanner with a phased array.The station moved to the crawler.Detection of targets may range up to 120 km.It is worth noting the radius support - up to 35 km.Simultaneous monitoring of 10 sites with wind speeds up to 32 m / s.Crew Capacity - up to 4 people.
radar 9S18M1-3 is a 3-axis pulse-coherent overview of the installation in the centimeter range.Based on an electronic beam scanner vertically.RLS is designed to study the airspace.The data are transferred immediately for telecode line command center for further processing.It uses an antenna with a waveguide phased array.Azimut target detection - 360 degrees at a distance of 160 km.Installation is based on the crawler.Weight - 30 tons.
Application and possibilities
Modern 9K317 are capable of producing intense strikes on the high-speed unmanned warheads from several directions.The complex answers such important criteria such as mobility, versatility, fire performance, instant response, variability attack autonomous detection systems and defense.
most often used SAMs for the protection of especially important objects and places of location of troops.9K317 is able to solve a wide range of tasks.This makes it indispensable in the intelligence or attack the enemy from the air, even at extremely low altitudes.
The tasks include SAM hold enemy targets at a maximum distance to the protected objects, avoid interference, risk analysis, the construction of a possible attack algorithm, etc.
Compare upgrades
version "Buk M1" was put into service in 1982.SAM can shoot down aircraft with an accuracy of 60%, cruise missiles ALCM - up to 40%, helicopters - to 30%.Soon an opportunity to intercept ballistic warheads.During the revision in 1993 it was implemented setting 9M317.For a long time remained inaccessible M1 vehicles in international military space.
The newest version of SAM "Buk M3" should be put into service until the autumn of 2015.After the success of the model M2 in the international arena, the Russian government has allocated a round sum for the implementation of the upgraded project.It is expected that the "M3 Beech" to be able to attack targets 36 piloted at a speed of 3000 m / s.Recognition range will vary up to 70 km.These results will be possible thanks to the installation of an updated and improved run 9M317M GOS.
Exporting release
In service of the Russian Federation is about 300 M2 SAM model.Most of them are based on ranges of "alkynyl" and "Kapustin Yar".
largest number of export "Buk M2E" Syria is in a location.In 2011, local army from Russia was delivered 19 systems.
In Venezuela on the balance 2 SAMs.How many complexes in Azerbaijan, Ukraine and Iraq is unknown.
