The deepest point on Earth - the Mariana Trench

Its name is the deepest place in the world was due to the Mariana Islands, which are located nearby.This deep ocean trough, located in the Pacific Ocean, in the western part.The deepest place on earth reaches 10911 meters, a length of approximately 2,500 kilometers, while the width - about 80 kilometers.The slopes are very steep its angle of inclination is on average about 8 degrees.The bottom is divided into several sections thresholds.Interestingly, the pressure at a depth of about eleven kilometers reaches 109 megapascals, that more than 1090 times normal atmospheric pressure.

first who dared to explore the deepest place on earth, were the British researchers.British scientists, oceanographers conducted their work in a converted three-mast military corvette "Challenger" in 1875.Warship sailing was transformed into a research vessel for biological, meteorological and hydrological work.Then the depth of the sea basin defined by a deep-water lot in the 8367 meters.However, the first more precise information about the depth of Mariana Trench managed to get only in 1951.According to measurements produced the deepest place on earth

was declared equal to 10,863 meters.After that, the Mariana Trench became known as "The Abyss Challenger."Should study the Mariana Trench, scientists of the Soviet Union.Our researchers, oceanographers in 1957 conducted a study of Mariana Trench.The result of measuring the maximum depth of the depression was equal to 11 022 meters.In addition, during this expedition established the presence of life at depths of more than seven kilometers.It has thus been denied the existed at the time the idea that the life in the ocean at a depth of 6-7 kilometers impossible.Led the expedition while Alex D. Dobrovolsky, the famous Soviet oceanographer.It was his third expedition to the "Vityaz" as its leader.In 1992, "Knight" was transferred to the newly formed Museum of the World Ocean.Almost two years a ship repaired at the factory, and in July 1994 it was placed in the park in the Maritime Museum of the city of Kaliningrad.

deepest place on earth first in the world to see Don Walsh, a US Navy officer and Jacques Piccard, the famous explorer, oceanographer from Switzerland, January 23, 1960.They were immersed in an armored bathyscaphe "Trieste".According to the testimony of instruments mounted on its board, Walsh and Piccard descended to the level of 10 917 meters.Time of the dive was about five hours, and the rise - about three hours, the time is spent directly on the bottom of the testers, it amounted to only 12 minutes.However, this short period of time was enough for them to make a sensational scientific discovery: they found similar plaice flat fish of about 30 centimeters.

famous Canadian director and screenwriter James Cameron in March 2012 on a new single submersibles reached the bottom of the trough and the Mariinsky became thus the third man in the world, having been at the bottom of the depression, and Mary the first to do it alone.He descends into the abyss of more than two and a half hours, he was there for about three hours, and up to the surface of the ocean just over an hour - 70 minutes.

Japanese scientists, oceanographers discovered in 2005 in the Mariana Trench thirteen species previously unknown to science unicellular.Modern deep-water devices are not just fixed on the world's largest depth of the motion of bodies, unknown to science marine animals.

Later, the distance from the ocean surface to the bottom of the depression is constantly specified.It considered the most accurate research conducted in 1997 by Japanese scientists.They showed that the depth of the Mariana Trench - 10 911.4 meters.