Perhaps, as Navy is always possible to give an adequate assessment of the national defense and the economy.And here it is not only at the content of expensive ships and submarines.Modern fleet - high-tech industries, where the first "run-in" the latest offensive and defensive weapons.
If during the Second World War heavy battleships ruled the ball with a powerful and relatively simple protection for propeller aircraft carriers, but now the situation has changed dramatically.Navy almost all "sea" of actively take into service a relatively small and nimble destroyers, increasingly, the role of submarines and aircraft carriers are considered solely in terms of an offensive element to intimidate countries that do not have normal defenses.
In addition, the current naval battles are not the same: the opponents often do not see each other even on the horizon, and the victory ensured a powerful missile weapons, a volley that could send huge enemy ship to the bottom.Our country has a great tool - a system of "Mosquito".This rocket, which was established in the USSR, is a sure way to guarantee a peaceful settlement.
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development work on the development of weapons started in 1973.In creating attended dozens of research institutes and design from all over the Soviet Union."Mosquito" - a rocket, which was originally developed to replace older types of similar weapons and intended to be installed on destroyers and missile boats.In addition, it equipped with fighting WIG.
Before adopting the rocket had to go through an impressive series of verification tests that were initiated only in 1978.It happened in a landfill, "Sandy Beam", which conducted the first tests of models of future products and verified the characteristics of its main engines.The state also tests continued until the end of 1982.
They were found successfully completed only after firing destroyer "Desperado", located in the Barents Sea.Targets were shot from a distance of 27 kilometers, and needed to hit two targets at once.The rocket and the crew coped with this task perfectly.
general, only in the course of these tests, the missile was launched just 15 times, the success has been achieved in eight cases, partial success - five.Complete failure only ended with a two-run.But not immediately adopt the domestic fleet was "Mosquito"!Launch another five years, from 1983 to 1985, was subjected to various design improvements and modernization, while its potential finally was not considered sufficient.
Thus, the initial range was increased nearly six (!) Times, reaching a figure of 125 kilometers, and has achieved full compatibility it with ekranoplan "Lun", which ensures reliable protection of almost the entire coast of the Soviet Union provided the use of the rocket.
release, modification
releases and releases its complex "Progress", located in the Primorsky Territory.The missile has been repeatedly demonstrated both on domestic Zhukovsky (MAKS), and at all international exhibitions of arms (in Abu Dhabi, for example).
only in the early 80-ies of the complex was officially adopted for destroyers belonging to the class of "modern" Project 956, and in 1984 they began to establish advanced rocket launcher with CT-190.Soon it was created and Aviation "Mosquito."The missile was accepted into service in the period from 1992 to 1994.
What it is?
complex and the rocket have been created for the destruction of different categories of enemy surface ships, transports to the landing, and the ships of the convoy and single targets.This also includes hovercraft and water wings, which until then had been virtually invulnerable to missile because of its high speed march.
effectively destroy ships displacement of which is a maximum of 20 000 tonnes.Possible target speed - up to 100 nodes.The missile can hit the enemy even in the face of intense fire and radar to counter the latter.Not a hindrance, and severe weather and climatic factors.The very anti-ship missile "Mosquito" can be effectively used at ambient temperatures from -25 to +50 degrees Celsius.
working conditions
rough seas using "Mosquito" can reach just six points (if the target is small - up to five) and wind speed (its direction does not matter) - up to 20 meters per second.Soviet designers have managed to create a missile that could hit the target even in a nuclear explosion.
What is characterized by anti-ship missile "Mosquito" air-based?Main features are no different from the naval variant.This complex can be equipped with Su-33 (Su-27K), and others that allow ship-based.
The complex
Many assume that the very complex "Mosquito" is composed of only one setting for the launch of the missile, but it is not.It includes several varieties of them: standard antiship supersonic species, Low-altitude, to hit a target in the conditions of intensive air defense systems, as well as a shell with "smart" guidance ZM-80.During the run control system meets the 3C-80 installation for guidance CT-152M.When it comes to the defense of the coast with a stationary basing the complex, the management assumes a single set of CCW 3F80.
Technical features
missile belongs to the class of light, its layout is designed in classical aerodynamic configuration.Shape the bow ogive, the arrangement of feathers and wings - X-shaped.The wings and tail are made collapsible for easy transport and retention in the starting container.In case clearly distinguished air intakes and the front fairing set radioprozrachny cook.Other
its performance even more impressive:
- Missile length - from 9.4 to 9.7 meters (depending on the modification and deployment).
- maximum acceleration - up to 2.8 Mach.
- minimum range of fire - 10 kilometers.
- launch weight - from 4 to 4.5 tons.
- warhead weight - from 300 to 320 kg.
- be stored in launch container - up to 1.5 years.
- Currently upgraded missiles can hit a target at the start of the onshore facilities at a distance of 240 kilometers.
When manufacturing is widely used chemically pure titanium, high-grade steel alloys and fiberglass.
power plant combined.There is a powder starting the engine, bouncers rocket from the launch canister and sustainer jet propulsion 3D83.Powder accelerator is located right in the main engine nozzle.It is completely burnt out the first three or four seconds and then its remnants are pushed by air flow.
guidance system
guidance system is also made of combined scheme.Navigation - inertial type, as well as active-passive radar-guided head."Highlight" is marching control system, which is provided by a high probability of hitting the target, even with its active fire countermeasures.It should be noted that this figure varies from 0.94 to 0.98.
flight occurs when accelerating over two strides, the rocket is on a very difficult path.Immediately after the start of the shell performs the classic "hill", followed by a sharp decrease in the maximum - up to a height of 20 meters.When the goal is nine kilometers away, there is an even more drastic reduction, up to a height of seven meters, after which the rocket is just over the crests of the waves, maneuvering snake.During the flight can perform more complex maneuvers and overload often exceed 10G.
defeat the purpose
Due to such characteristics of the missile "Mosquito" (and "Malachite", its predecessor) is a mortal danger for almost any potential enemy ship.In combination with other anti means of coastal defense they reduce to zero the probability of "bloodless" enemy assault landings.
defeat the enemy ship is ensured by limiting the kinetic energy of a powerful explosion inside the hull.One missile easy to let the bottom of the cruiser, and 15-17 pieces may well destroy the whole ship's grouping.Especially good cruise missile "Mosquito" that evade it almost unreal.Its detection occurs only 3-4 seconds before the fire contact with the target, and because the old Soviet design are still respected and feared the sailors in all navies of the world.
accommodation and modern state
SCRC "Mosquito" massively installed on destroyers Project 956 (two quad set), anti-submarine ships of the project 11556 "Admiral Lobov", as well as almost all missile boat project 1241.9.His set at the pilot project of small missile ship project 1239 (hovercraft), ships of the project in 1240, as well as on the above-mentioned WIG "Lun", for which the rocket had to seriously modernize.
particularly valuable that the missile "Mosquito", the characteristics of which have already been given above can be used in parts of coastal defense, as well as shore-based aircraft, being mounted on the Su-27K (Su-33).In this case, it is taken on board one shell, which hangs outside of the fuselage between the nacelles.
Improvements range
already in 1981 issued a decree according to which it was necessary to significantly improve the main engine to extend the range of application of the rocket.So there was a missile "Mosquito-M", ten pre-starts that were conducted between 1987 and 1989.Soviet engineers were able to increase the range right up to 153 kilometers, and a modified version was designated the 3M-80E.
Currently missile "Mosquito", a photo that is in the paper, can be installed on virtually all types of Russian destroyers and other warships, including the missile boats, as well as exported.Allowed her mount (optional) to appropriate for that foreign warships.
importance
It missile "Mosquito", whose performance characteristics discussed in this article, the project has created a single ship.Its characteristics were such that gave the small missile boat perhaps the effectiveness of the destroyer.All this allows ten times cheaper creation of a full-fledged naval group, without sacrificing its fighting qualities.In view of the huge extent of the coast of the Soviet Union it was extremely important.
Among other things, such a strike weapons becomes simply invaluable importance in modern conditions, when in Russia is just starting recreated normal oceanic grouping of ships.Currently, there are no special features for commissioning larger ships in the Navy, so the prospect of a full-fledged destroyers with the "Mosquito" on board is hard to overestimate.Therefore Soviet development is still very, very long time to come down.
