development of the world economy at the end of the last century has given rise to the phenomenon of so-called globalization.
globalization of the economy - it is essential to strengthen the mutual dependence of economies of scale as a result of international trade in goods and services, enhance international financial flows, movement of labor, scientific and technical cooperation.Because of all this, a new quality of relations between the two countries, namely the interpenetration of economies, the gradual loss of national characteristics, the formation of so-called megaekonomiki - "economics economies."
modern globalization process prepared by the whole preceding development of society.But in the last third of the 20th century began to take shape the global economic space (thanks to the technological revolution in communications and information exchange).
globalization of the economy due to the following prerequisites:
1) Activities of the governments of various countries aimed at the integration of national economies through trade liberalization, capital markets, labor migration, etc.
2) Information and communication technologies through the stage of rapid development by the global use of the Internet.
globalization of the economy creates the following forms of economic and political cooperation:
1) Free Trade Area, which provides for the rejection of trade quotas.
2) Customs Union, which not only no quotas, but also to apply a common customs tariff.
3) Common Market - is the absence of quotas, common customs tariff, plus free movement of resources (first of all - labor) among the member countries.
4) Economic Union - a common market plus the agreed economic policy of the governments of individual countries.
5) Full integration - is compliance with all the conditions of an economic union, supplemented unification - general conduct of economic policy.
special form of manifestation of globalization are offshore.They are a separate area or even a whole country, within which the capitals of other countries enjoy tax benefits and the ability to perform various financial transactions in any currency.In today's world there are more than a hundred of offshore zones.
effects of globalization, "for" and "against»
The process of globalization is highly controversial phenomenon of the modern world, because it has both positive and negative sides.
positive consequences:
- achieved higher and more stable average world economic growth;
- rising average living standards and consumer choice (list of available products and services) is becoming more diverse;
- mobilized substantial financial resources for the implementation of vital projects for the people of the planet - the prevention of diseases, overcoming the effects of environmental disasters, etc .;
-Modern technologies become accessible not only for the most developed countries, but also for the entire world community.
With all the obvious advantages, globalization of the economy has also a threat, especially to countries with a low level of development.
- national economies are beginning to lose their distinctive features, increases the dependence of their development from the international economic order.Full integration into the world economy threatens the loss of the government's ability to manage their own country.This threat applies, above all, countries, weak economically and politically.Developed begin to dictate the rules of the game and determine the global economic environment.
- There are prerequisites for the emergence of specific conflicts - cultural, legal, philosophical.The fact that people of one culture is considered the norm for other people is absolutely unacceptable and hostile.International business, actively working in different country, and must adapt to take into account the particularities of each national culture.
