concept of "paradigm" was first introduced in the positivist philosophy of science G. Bergman, but became widely known after the publication of T. Kuhn their scientific and philosophical works.He offered his view of the scientific revolution as a paradigm shift - some initial conceptual and theoretical schemes that dominate the science in a certain historical period.So what is the paradigm in science?Under this concept refers to the total integrity of scientific beliefs, values and methodology of the study, which are accepted by the scientific community.
psychological perspective on the concept of "paradigm".Determination of different approaches
applied to the science of the mind and the laws of its manifestations formed three approaches regarding the answer to the question: "What is the paradigm in psychology?".
first approach is that this is a natural science doparadigmalnoy area of expertise, as scientific paradigm it is not yet developed.
The second approach psychologists believe multiparadigmality science, since it was formed several paradigms - psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitivist and others.
third approach is characterized by the fact that psychologists believe vneparadigmalnoy science, because the concept of "paradigm" does not apply in this field.
Humanities and natural science paradigms in psychology
famous German scientist Wilhelm Dilthey shared explanatory psychology at more gravitating to the methods of the exact sciences, and descriptive or understand.This view of the two types of science relevant to the present day.
Ways and methods of knowledge of the human psyche actively discussed in psychology, and this problem has some unique solution.Describing the situation, B. Bratus wrote that psychologists often hear, especially from representatives of the exact sciences, that psychology is not a science, since it has no precise laws strictly scientific research methods.However, on the other hand, as soon as the psychologists are beginning to get involved in mathematical methods to describe mental processes, to strive for a clear formalization claims arise even from humanists - say, the human psyche is so complex that it can not be formalized.The same situation we can observe in the very psychology.
Opponents scientistic approach as an example of cause analysis.How famous Kizhi was built without a single nail, and the building of psychoanalytic trends in psychology was built without a single mathematical sign.Discussions supporters of these approaches are still going on.
concept of paradigm in sociology
To understand what the paradigm in sociology, you should know that the concept of "paradigm" in this science develops similar to the situation described above.Since there are a number of Sociology of the fundamental theories, its the same as psychology, can be attributed to "multiparadigmality" science, that is, the scientific discipline that has multiple paradigms.Assessing its current state, the renowned sociologist GVOsipov noted a number of major schemes, which are based on well-known theories of Durkheim, Marx, B. Skinner, M. Weber.
slightly different answer to the question: "What is a paradigm?"can be found in foreign sociological literature.For example, Giddens considers as paradigmatic scientific theories of Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber.Along with this, you can not talk about a lot of paradigms in sociology, but only two - classical and modern.Many foreign sociologists have argued that due to the rapidly changing nature of the current era to explain the social processes with the help of theoretical considerations of scientists of past centuries can not be.So they created a picture change social reality, their perceptions of the society should be a new sociological paradigm.
