public finances and its structure is a set of organizations that provide cash flow within a particular country.This complex includes several components.
financial system comprises:
- state subsystem that provides the inflow to the budget and expenditure of funds;
- banking subsystem comprising institutions providing investment, loans, payments, transactions with money;
- subsystem circulation of securities in the country, serving to attract money in the secondary securities markets.
controlling the society, the state includes a number of spheres: religious, social, political, economic and others.
At the heart of the economic structure are certain relationship.They are attended by four subjects: the citizen, business entity, region and state.Each participant has his rights and duties.Forming a relationship with each other, form the subjects of commodity-money sphere.As a result of this relationship arises the financial system of the state.
In the Russian Federation, this complex consists of four elements.Each component performs a certain task.The financial system of the Russian Federation includes the finances of citizens and businesses, national and territorial funds.
Nationwide agent performs the task of concentrating resources at the disposal of the management and direction of the country to meet their respective needs.These resources are generated by taxes, state fees, charges, amounts received upon redemption of state enterprises and others.As part of the national finances are state insurance, loans, federal budget and off-budget federal funds.
Territorial funds perform the same functions as the nation-wide, but in accordance with the administrative-territorial formations, located in the municipality.This complex includes the appropriate budgets and off-budget funds.Forming these resources by fines, fees, taxes, lotteries, and other local loans.
financial system includes tools businesses.They constitute the main link in the whole complex and serve as the formation and use of its funds.
The international financial system is considered the historical form, according to which the organization of monetary relations between the countries.Fixed this form of certain agreements.
in the international financial system contains several components.
The first component is the money commodity in the world.He is a carrier of monetary relations between the countries.The first such carrier is gold.
second component - the exchange rate.As exchange-value of money of the state, it (course) can be expressed in monetary units of other countries.The exchange rate can be either fixed or floating.The basis of the first mint parity (weighted presence of gold in the monetary units of the country).Floating (flexible) exchange rates are determined by comparing the purchasing power parity exchange rate (the cost of the assessment of the national money of the same name "commodity basket").
third element of the international financial system are the national currency markets.
fourth component - the monetary and financial organization.These include, in particular, the International Monetary Fund.It promotes inter-ethnic cooperation.In addition, it is intended to provide a mechanism for cooperation and consolidation in solving inter-State problems in the financial sector.By monetary organizations may also include some ethnic institutions, credit activity which is at the same time and the nature of the exchange - development banks (regional), the Bank for International Settlements in Basel and others.
