Installation "Strela-2" became the first portable anti-aircraft missile system, put into service in the Soviet Union back in the 60s.The indexing Grau MANPADS has the designation 9K32.The classification of the United States known as the SA-7 Grail.
«Strela-2": history
In 1962, in the town of Kolomna launched a secret military project.His goal was to create a powerful impact portable complex capable of hitting air and ground targets at short ranges.The ideal solution to the problem at that time was the MANPADS "Strela-2".
Nevertheless baptism of fire installation was not as successful as expected.Many planes after injury yet returned to their airfields.The reason lay in the fact that the missiles explosive power was insufficient for serious damage, especially if the hit occurred in the tail section.As a result, it was decided to make a point upgrade installation.So in 1968, she was born the "Strela-2M" (MANPADS codification 9K32M) Modification of allowed to hit targets moving through the air at speeds of up to 950 km / h.The tests were successfully completed on Donguz test site in 1970.Immediately after that MANPADS was adopted, and a few years later joined the export versions drums stocks more than 60 countries.
Appointment
MANPADS This is an extremely effective means of defense on the march, and in the field.Portable installation is capable of hitting helicopters and planes, even at extremely low altitudes.One of the main advantages of MANPADS "Strela-2" is its relatively low weight and small size, which allows it to be easily transported by one person.With this setup, you can use these locations hindered as the marsh, forest and mountains.
9K32 and modifications are intended to defend the infantry battalion.Protection is provided by undercover team and strong points of the low-flying enemy targets, including cruise missiles.Running a shell made in pursuit of air targets at its visual detection of the shooter.Volley is possible from a standing position, out of the trench, with the knee from moving armored vehicles.
Due to its mobility and effectiveness of MANPADS has long been considered a major tactical and personal impact weapons of the Soviet Army.
«Strela-2": composition
original and modified installation consisted of three identical pieces of equipment: a series of homing missiles 9M32, the trigger mechanism and the power supply.MANPADS "Strela-2" was considered the most rapid-personal anti-aircraft weapons in the world.Within 1.5 seconds after pressing the trigger occurs rocket launch.After a few seconds the projectile hits a target at a distance of 4 kilometers.In the case of the charge slip self-destruct in 17 seconds after zapuska.Ustanovka "Strela-2M" - MANPADS with improved performance capture and destruction of the target.After modernization processes have been automated and run the GOS projectile.This facilitated the anti-aircraft gunners capture rapidly moving object.Also, the selection has been improved target detection in natural interference.The modernization was made possible destruction of objects on a collision course.In addition, the affected area was enlarged jets.
main sets of new installations became heat seeker, which is characterized by immunity.Thanks to him, the goal of MANPADS is able to capture even cumulus clouds up to 3 points.Nevertheless, the complex was still vulnerable to heat trap aircraft.
Performance characteristics
Range destruction facilities is limited to 3.4 km, when modification with the letter "M" allows you to attack targets at a distance of 800 to 4200 m. As for the maximum altitude of the projectile, it is in the rangeup to 2300 m.
Free speed varies from 430 to 500 m / s.The defeat of the objectives in pursuit carried out at an average speed of 240 m / s, to meet - up to 150 m / s.Raketa presented 9M32 type or its modification.Caliber - 72mm.The length of the projectile - 1.44 meters and weighs 9.5 kg.The weight of the complex is about 5 kg.
In preparation for the launch of experienced gunners need only 10 seconds.
«Strela-3": history and purpose
new model of the Soviet MANPADS "Boom" went to the masses in the mid 70s.Installation is known for its codification and classification 9K34 US - SA-14 Gremlin.The basis of a modification of the rocket was a new series of 9M36, which was equipped with a special infrared head capture and phase-modulated scanning the spiral amplitude.It provides resistance to natural and RFI.
MANPADS "Strela-3" is fast flight speed and maneuverability of the missile.Also in the course of modernization of the GOS has implemented a noise-proof cooling.So now there is a takeover target could be carried out even in the storm weather.This fact has developed a production model to many export zakazov.Razrabotka 9K34 started in the early '70s, but for a long time, the installation did not pass all the tests.In May 1973, MANPADS finally showed their best side, and after a few months it had adopted.
In the late 70's entered the complex exports.MANPADS repeatedly supplied large quantities to such countries as Angola, Vietnam, El Salvador, Jordan, India, North Korea, Iraq, Cuba, Nicaragua, Syria, Peru, Libya, UAE, South Africa.In Europe, the installation is on balance in Hungary, East Germany, Finland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia.The only country other than the Soviet Union, which had a license to manufacture weapons, was Poland.
«Strela-3": composition
The package includes a portable installation: trigger 9P58 series, 9M36 missiles, ground interrogator 1RL247 passive 9S13 direction finder and radio R-147.
main striking force of MANPADS "Strela-3M" and the original model of a missile 9M36.It is made on a "duck" and is a collection of 4 fastened compartments: motor, combat, and the steering head.Control is achieved by rotation of the projectile at 20 vol. / S for converting a three-dimensional signal with a thermal sensor GOS.It is worth noting that the aerodynamic control surfaces are located in one plane.When you run the pen stabilizers disclosed, breaking away from the nozzle body truby.Na installation is an electronic unit, fuse, phone plug connector, the contact group and the trigger.Targeting is done gyroscope and radio station, and then processes the data finder.
Performance characteristics
The new model of the complex are similar to the previous version only the parameters of time and preparation for the volley of self-destruction, as well as the 72th caliber.For the rest, a third of MANPADS "Arrow" much better characteristics.Missile length was reduced to 1.25 meters and a weight of 10 kg.On the other hand, the mass of the complex has increased due to new components and was more than 6 kg.
«Strela-3" capable of striking targets at a distance of 500 to 4500 meters.Possible vertical altitude ranges up to 3 km.Airspeed charge in pursuit of 310 m / s, to meet the targets - 230 m / s.Thanks to the new improved model antiaircrafter even got a chance to hit the aircraft class "fighter."The probability of destroying a target with one missile is estimated at 33%.
«Strela-10": appointment
This setting is a mobile anti-aircraft missile complex 9K35 codification.The documentation referred to as NATO SA-13 Gopher.Model 9K35 is designed to detect and neutralize airborne targets at low altitudes.The basis of the impact of the complex lay "Strela-3" In yet 1969 CPSU Central Committee, it was decided to create a mobile tracked in parallel with the first installation of MANPADS."Strela-10", the characteristics that make it the most mobile and multifunctional combat base of the USSR, no problems have been tested, and very soon expanded the arsenal of the Soviet army.
striking part of the complex made 9M37 missiles, capable of operating in 2-channel mode guidance.
Installation "Strela-10" has been used successfully in operations in Angola and the Gulf.
