Since 2006 the media periodically appear information about creating and early admission to the Russian Army tanks fourth generation.It took nearly a decade, and even images of the prototype has not been seen.We only know that the creator is the Ural Transport Engineering Design Bureau in Nizhny Tagil.At the parade May 9, 2014 are expected to appear in public the new model of heavy weapons.Within twenty years of development project codified in different ways: "Improvement of 88," Object 195, T-95, T-99 "priority".Sometimes here also carry the name "Black Eagle" and "Armata".It should be noted that the identified "Armata" with previous projects, and especially with the T-95, does not follow a completely new product.
In the late eighties, our engineers looked to the future
Designing a new combat vehicle of the sample started in 1988.The basic idea was to improve the survival of the crew and the ability to upgrade weapons systems without major alterations of the machine.To meet this requirement was proposed to make the tower uninhabited.That is, to carry out pointing guns or small arms to the target, the type of ammunition and make the shot was automatic.The very same crew should be placed in an isolated, well-protected bronekapsuly.I had to get a tank with a completely new layout and powerful protection.The political turmoil of the last decade of the last century did not allow fully implement its plans.And the level of development of electronics that time hardly would give an opportunity to create highly effective combat system.This concept is embodied in the metal a few years later the Ural tank builders to create an object 195. Photo tank, nestled tarpaulin, can not help get an idea about the design of autonomous artillery system.
Unfinished Detective
Due to the high level of secrecy of the project of creating the fourth generation of the tank, there was confusion in the name of machines.It is possible that the discrepancy was inspired by the customer, the Ministry of Defence.Details of the many developments become known many years later, after the loss of their relevance or output in a wide circulation.Until now, there a lot of idle speculation about the reasons for rejection of the production of new vehicles two decades ago.In the 90 years of domestic concerns tankostroitelnye going through hard times.Each plant was looking for their own ways to survive.Omsk tank builders based gas turbine T-80 developed Object 640, known as the "Black Eagle".The car was presented at a closed show in 1997 in Kubinka.A little earlier, in 1995 Uralvagonzavod began to develop his own version of a modern tank.Despite the use of innovative technologies and passive defense weapons systems, both cars - Object 195 "Black Eagle" - is a deep modernization of the tanks of the third generation.This war is not very tripled.
futuristic exterior
tank Object 195 has been brought to a few prototypes.The models under one significant codes are not identical.As conceived by the military strategists of the new combat vehicle height should not exceed dvuhh meters.These parameters, in theory, should match the object 195. The photo, however, captured a machine height of about three meters with a massive artillery systems, sheltered tarpaulin.It is unlikely that this is a pre-production sample.The uninhabited tower must be very compact.Most likely, the future universal platform was tested as a mobile base for advanced weapons systems.After all, the military planned to create a versatile chassis.One of the modules should be a tank facility 195. Photos of other designs, if they exist, are still unable to get anyone.
Requirements tank 4th generation
By the end of the first decade of the new millennium, finally formed the concept of future tanks.The new combat vehicle is a revolutionary step in the development of ground combat platforms.In this regard, it must embody the following requirements:
- able to maximize the probability of destroying the target shell.
- Guaranteed survival of the crew in the event of destruction of the tank or the cumulative kinetic ammunition.
- combat unit is a segment of network-centric system of land forces.
- chassis must be versatile, to be able to be placed on its base combat vehicles and other purposes as well as machinery engineering support troops.
- possibility of gradual modernization.
Armament unrivaled
Osnasit object 195 is supposed guns of 135-152 mm with an initial velocity of the projectile flight is not less than 1980 m / s.If the main weapon will be accepted six-inch gun 2A83, the ammunition will be 42 units of piercing, high-explosive shells and cumulative.Traditionally, an exclusive feature of domestic cars is the ability to run from the gun barrel guided missiles.Together with the instrument rotates, and all the ammunition.Automatically charges the system provides a minimum rate of 15 rounds per minute.On rotary carriage guns will be mounted machine guns 7.62 and 14.5 mm with the possibility of firing on the aircraft, as well as four small missiles 9M311.One of the variants of light weapons is a 30-mm automatic gun, coupled with the main instrument.
fire control system and counter
fullness of visual information of the situation on the battlefield tankers will receive not only by observation with optical instruments.Due to the fact that the crew unable to review the circular (the tower is uninhabited), the fire control system to be equipped with a complex transmission devices and multiple screens inside the cabin.Monitor received information from other machines division.The crew will see "through armor" in all directions. To ensure high performance weapons should provide full-time radar system and a laser rangefinder. In the laser device are assigned the function of the active counteraction guidance systems of the enemy. The active setting will automatically find the optics of the enemy and neutralize its beam of light. The machines will be equipped withrecognition system "friend or foe", which excludes damage from friendly fire in a highly maneuverable combat. The complex of active protection consists of units "Blind-2" and "Arena-E".
penetration-resistant tank
Object 195 - heavy tank (comparedwith its predecessors). The basic model T-72 weighs 41 tons, the latest derivative of the series of T-90 - 46.5 tons. The long-term model of 10 tons of massive. Improvement of passive protection has caused an increase in fighting weight. Combined multi-layered armor provides for an integrated dynamic protectiona new generation. Equivalent reservation system against the effects of sub-caliber ammunition is 1000 mm, against cumulative projectiles - not less than 1500 mm.
Powerplant
Constructors equipped tank Object 195 Chelyabinsk diesel V-92S2F2.This is a temporary measure, the power plant does not meet modern requirements.Power just 1130 liters.s., the mobility of long-term tank slightly higher than in the main combat vehicle of the previous generation.As a full-time unit will be installed at the diesel 12N360T-90A.Engine four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder, turbocharged and intercooled air.Cooling system liquid.Working volume - 34.6 liters.Capacity of at least 1650 liters.from.It provides a thrust-fighting vehicle not less than 30 liters.from.per tonne.The engine is located along the combat vehicle and mounted with automatic transmission.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the object 195
identify promising If the machine with the T-95, the characteristics of the tank of the fourth generation of the following:
- maximum combat weight - 55 tons.
- Dimensions: body length 8000 mm, width 2300 mm, height 1800 mm.
- Crew - 3 (2) a person.
- Engine - dizel1650 hp
- speed on the roadway is more than 70 km / h.
tank died.Yes, live tank!
In 2008, it seemed that the time is near when the tank troops will begin to receive a sample of the world's best technology.Several prototypes of the T-95 (object 195) were directed to pass the state tests.Two years later, he held a benefit in the face of responsible officials of the Ministry of Defence.Office refused further funding of the project.At least, this formulation is the official version in the past few years."Uralvagonzavod" own funds completed the establishment of the project.One of the reasons for not adopting the new model promising tank was obsolescence of technology adopted as the basis of its development.It was also revised general concept of the heavy fighting platforms.It's time to modular principle shaping the image combat vehicle.The basis of the future of mobile battlefield was passed object 195.
So object 195 - "Armata" or not?
It is obvious that the current project another operating code.Definitely, and that long-term developments 195th project and "Black Eagle" will not be forgotten.Leadership of the Armed Forces of the task in 2015 to begin production of a new car.Taking into account the short term the implementation of tasks, "Armata" embody the basic concepts of experimental predecessors.Preserved layout and technology solutions.At the same time, to reduce the cost of production would have to give up some protection components, and weapons.T-14 (designation is received new main tank) is somewhat smaller by four or five tons easily manufacturable and less costly to manufacture.In order to reduce prices and simplify the production of refuse from the wide use of titanium elements of passive protection.
