Solar activity - a complex of phenomena that occur periodically in the solar atmosphere.Their expression is closely related to the magnetic characteristics of the plasma of the star.
Solar Activity in any zone begins with increasing magnetic flux in a separate portion photosphere.Thereafter, in the respective zones chromosphere marked increase in brightness in the lines of calcium, and hydrogen.These areas are called plages.Approximately in the same regions of the photosphere, but more deeply, there is also increase in brightness in the visible (white) light.These areas are called torches.
Increased energy, which is released in the area plage and the torch is a result of the efforts of the magnetic field.
Subsequently, the solar activity is accompanied by the formation of spots.They are formed after one or two days after the formation of plage (in the form of long - small black dots).Many of the floccules disappear.However, some of them for two or three days pass in large dark form.
Typical spot sizes are in the range of several tens of thousands of kilometers.The structure of dark spots present the central part (shadow) and fibrous (penumbra).
major feature of sunspots is considered to be the presence of strong magnetic fields.In the shade they (the field) reach several thousand tension ekstred.
Spots generally represented overlooking the photosphere pipes power lines, filling the entire few (or one) mesh chromosphere.The upper part has a tube at the extension.It field lines diverge.Thus, around the shadow they take direction approximate to the horizontal.
in full, the total pressure including pressure spots in the magnetic field.At the same time the total figure is balanced degree of pressure of the surrounding photosphere.The magnetic field contributes to the suppression of convective motions of the gas, through which energy is transferred from the bottom up.
As a result, the temperature in the spot less than the ambient temperature of about 1000 K. Thus, the spot is untroubled by the magnetic field in the photosphere cooled pit.Most occur
group of wells.Here are two spots.One (smaller) is located in the east, the other (larger) is in the west.Between them and around them is often a lot of other small pits.It called bipolar sunspot group.This is due to the fact that two large pits celebrated always the opposite polarity of the magnetic field.
most powerful manifestation of the photosphere considered an outbreak.By their nature, they are the explosions triggered by a sudden contraction in the plasma.This process (compression) develops when exposed to the magnetic field pressure.The result is a long plasma belt (or harness).
grandiose formations in the solar atmosphere are the prominences.These relatively dense gas clouds appear in the crown or are thrown into it from the chromosphere.Typical prominence is a giant-sized luminous arch.It consists of a substance is the formation of a denser and colder than the surrounding chromosphere.
It should be noted that the total solar activity, which is characterized by the number and the power of manifestation in the centers, periodically changing.To assess the level of the simplest and most used of all the previously entered method - Wolf numbers.
time when the number of centers of activity of the largest, is the maximum.If they (activity centers) have little or not at all - at least.There are so-called solar activity cycles.Highs and lows alternate with intervals (on average) for eleven years.
Influence of solar activity on humans and other living beings are actively studied by many scientists.He made a tremendous contribution ALChizhevsky.Using fairly extensive material, scientists have shown some relationship between the largest and most deadly epidemics and maximum solar activity.
