Any person, if it is, of course, did not give up the benefits of civilization, surrounded by many electrical devices.Far beyond the examples do not walk need: TV, phone, most ordinary incandescent lamp and so forth. The basis of all these devices is the electrical circuit.Many literary sources give a similar definition, however, with regard to the simplest varieties.Why is it, in fact, modern electronic devices are so complex that their service is trusted by a computerized system?Indeed, it is strange, especially if you remember the CPUs of personal computers with their millions of transistors - are also present in the electric DC circuit.The reason for simplifying the above definition is that every, even complex, circuitry may be provided in a plurality of elementary components.By the way, this is why it is possible to perform the necessary calculations using known formulas.
So, with easy and difficult to define.Now, let us explain what is the electric circuit.To make it more clear, let us consider a very simple example - a flashlight.And not one that uses a control circuit (switching, flashing, etc.), And the most common - with a battery, lamps and switches inclusion.It consists of a housing, in which he placed a light source, switch, battery compartment with two contacts.After inserting the battery in the case and clicking a switch, you can achieve directional bright glow of the lamp.Having performed these actions, we have generated is exactly what is called the electric circuit (in the professional slang - gathered scheme).Current power source (battery) rushed along the way: contact the positive pole - conductor switch - the light - negative pole.This is called "simple electrical circuit."In the example with a flashlight three elements: the source of EMF, switch and lamp.It should be noted that the movement of electrons (current) is only possible in a closed circuit, so if you switch to disconnect and break the chain, it will disappear, although the source voltage will remain.Incidentally, all processes can be described and calculated not only through the current but also by a voltage power EMF.
Universal calculation tool - Ohm's law.In this case, it looks like:
I = E / (R + r),
where I - current, the ampere;E - EMF, Volta;R - resistance bulbs, Ohm;r - source impedance EMF ohms.As used the example of the impact resistance of the conductor and the toggle switch is not included, since it is negligible.
Thus, the electrical circuit and its components may include a power source, resistors, capacitors, inductors, semiconductors, and so forth. Moreover, all of this must be connected together conductors that form a continuous path for current flow.
Simple circuit are divided into straight and branched.In the first case, all the constituent elements passes the same current (typically a serial connection for consumers).In the second case further added one or more branches connected to the circuit seen simply through nodes.This forms a mixed compound of circuit elements, so the value of the current flowing in each branch is different.There branch - is the portion of an electrical circuit, all the elements which flow the same current and the opposite ends of which are connected to the two nodes.Accordingly, the node - this is the point of electrical circuit which converge three or more branches.On the concept of nodes are often just indicates the point that simplifies the perception (reading).
