February 26, 1845 at the Crown Prince of the future Emperor Alexander II was born the third child and second son.The boy was named Alexander.
3. Alexander Biography
During the first 26 years, he was brought up, as well as other grand dukes for a military career, as heir to the throne was to be his older brother Nicholas.18 years Alexander III was already in the rank of colonel.The future Emperor of Russia, according to reviews of his caregivers did not differ much breadth of his interests.According to his teacher, Alexander III "has always been lazy," and began to catch up, but when he became heir.Trying to fill the gaps in education was carried out under the watchful guidance of Pobedonostsev.However, the source, left educators, we know that the boy was distinguished by diligence and assiduity in calligraphy.Naturally, it involved the formation of excellent military experts, a professor at Moscow University.Especially the boy was interested in Russian history, culture, that eventually grew into the present Russophilia.
Alexander family members sometimes called slowpoke, sometimes for excessive shyness and clumsiness - "pug", "Bulldog".According to his contemporaries, he did not look outwardly heavyweight: a well-built, with a small mustache, appeared early in the bald areas.People are attracted to such traits of character as sincerity, honesty, benevolence, lack of excessive ambition and a great sense of responsibility.
Beginning his political career
His serene life ended when in 1865 died the older brother Nicholas.Alexander III was declared heir to the throne.These events have stunned him.He immediately had to begin the duties of the Crown Prince.Father began to attach it to the state affairs.He listened to the reports of Ministers, got acquainted with the official papers, he received membership in the Council of State and Council of Ministers.He became a Major General and Ataman of the Cossack troops of Russia.That's when I had to make up for gaps in youth education.Love for Russia and Russian history shaped his course of Professor SM Solovyov.This feeling accompanied him throughout his life.
third Crown Prince Alexander stayed for a long time - 16 years.During this time he received combat experience.Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, he received a Order "St..Vladimir with swords "and" St.George's 2 nd degree. "It was the war, he met with people who later became his colleagues.Later, he created the Volunteer Fleet, which in peacetime was transport, and military - fighting.
in the political life of the crown prince has not adhered to the views of his father, the Emperor Alexander II, but not opposed the course of the Great Reforms.His relationship with his parents and complicated personal circumstances.He could not accept the fact that his father was alive when his wife settled in the Winter Palace, a favorite of EMDolgorukaia and their three children.
crown prince himself was an exemplary family man.He married a bride of his dead brother Louise Princess Sofia Frederica Dagmar, which took Orthodoxy after the wedding and a new name - Maria Feodorovna.They had six children.
happy family life ended 01/03/1881, when he was a terrorist act that killed his father Crown Prince.
reforms of Alexander 3 or needed to convert Russian
the morning of March 2, the new emperor Alexander III took the oath members of the State Council and the higher ranks of the court.He said he would try to continue the work begun by his father.But the hardest presentation on how to proceed for a long time did not appear.Pobedonostsev, an outspoken opponent of liberal reforms, the monarch wrote: "Now Or save themselves and Russia, or never!ยป
most accurate political course of the Emperor was set out in the manifesto of April 29, 1881 Historians called him the "Manifesto of the inviolability of the autocracy."It meant a serious correction of the Great Reforms 1860-1870-ies.The primary task of the government was becoming such a struggle with the revolution.
were strengthened repressive apparatus, political spying, secret-police dog and others. Contemporaries government policy seemed cruel and punitive.But those who live in the moment, it may seem rather modest.But now we will not go into this in detail.
government tightened policy in the sphere of education: universities were deprived of autonomy, issued a circular "On cooks children", introduced a special regime of censorship concerning the activities of newspapers and magazines, it has been curtailed territorial self-government.All these changes have been carried out to eliminate the spirit of freedom, which is vital in the post-reform Russia.
Economic Policy Alexander III was more successful.Industrial and financial sector has been directed to the introduction of the gold standard of the ruble, the establishment of a protectionist customs tariff, building railroads, which not only create the necessary domestic market of the message, but also accelerated the development of local industries.
second success was the foreign policy sphere.Alexander III was given the nickname "Emperor-peacemaker."Immediately after the accession to the throne, he sent a telegram to the foreign countries, which proclaimed: Emperor wants to keep peace with all powers and special focus their attention on domestic affairs.He professed principles and strong national (Russian) autocratic rule.
But fate let him short century.In 1888, the train, which was traveling family of the emperor, suffered a terrible crash.Alexander found himself pinned under a collapsed ceiling.With great physical strength, he helped his wife, children and himself climbed.But the injury manifested itself - he had a kidney disease, complications after "of influenza" - flu.10.29.1894 he died before the age of 50 years.His wife, he said: "I feel the end, be calm, I am quite calm."
He did not know what the test will have to go through his beloved homeland, his widow, his son and all the Romanov family.
